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arXiv 1505.03420math.AP
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一类稳态离散性状模型的稀有突变极限

Rare mutations limit of a steady state dispersion trait model

Benoit Perthame, Panagiotis E. Souganidis

摘要:

扩散的演化是进化生态学中的经典问题,已有多种数学模型对其进行了广泛的研究。主要问题是定义一个有界域中的种群的最适扩散率,最近,在整个空间中的行波。在本研究中,我们重新制定的适应性进化的背景下的问题。我们认为,人口结构的空间和遗传性状直接作用于扩散(扩散)率的影响下,罕见的突变的遗传性状。我们表明,在更简单的模型中,在消失突变的限制,人口集中在一个单一的性状与最低的扩散率。我们还解释了如何计算向这个进化稳定分布的进化速度。数学的兴趣源于渐近分析,它需要一个完全不同的处理不同的变量。对于空间变量,椭圆性导致使用最大值原理和Sobolev型正则性结果。对于特征变量,狄拉克质量的浓度需要不同的处理。这是基于WKB方法和黏性解,从而得到有效的哈密顿量(种群的有效适应度)和受约束的哈密顿-雅可比方程。

英文摘要:

The evolution of dispersal is a classical question in evolutionary ecology, which has been widely studied with several mathematical models. The main question is to define the fittest dispersal rate for a population in a bounded domain, and, more recently, for traveling waves in the full space. In the present study, we reformulate the problem in the context of adaptive evolution. We consider a population structured by space and a genetic trait acting directly on the dispersal (diffusion) rate under the effect of rare mutations on the genetic trait. We show that, as in simpler models, in the limit of vanishing mutations, the population concentrates on a single trait associated to the lowest dispersal rate. We also explain how to compute the evolution speed towards this evolutionary stable distribution. The mathematical interest stems from the asymptotic analysis which requires a completely different treatment of the different variables. For the space variable, the ellipticity leads to the use the maximum principle and Sobolev-type regularity results. For the trait variable, the concentration to a Dirac mass requires a different treatment. This is based on the WKB method and viscosity solutions leading to an effective Hamiltonian (effective fitness of the population) and a constrained Hamilton-Jacobi equation.

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