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arXiv 1504.02550q-bio.PE
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没有物种的理论生态学

Theoretical ecology without species

Mikhail Tikhonov

摘要:

生态系统通常被概念化为相互作用的物种网络。然而,将生物体的自然多样性划分为离散单元是出了名的有问题,越来越多的实验证据提出了一个有趣的问题,即这种观点是否适用于微生物世界。在这里,提出了一种替代形式主义,不需要假设存在的物种作为基本的生态变量,并提供了一个自然的层次描述的社区动态。这种形式主义允许从相反的方向来处理“物种问题”。虽然经典的模型处理的世界不完美的集群生物类型的扰动周围聚集的“物种”,所提出的方法允许逐渐添加结构到一个完全无序的背景。这种理论结构描述高度多样化的自然生态系统的相关性进行了讨论。

英文摘要:

Ecosystems are commonly conceptualized as networks of interacting species. However, partitioning natural diversity of organisms into discrete units is notoriously problematic, and mounting experimental evidence raises the intriguing question whether this perspective is appropriate for the microbial world. Here, an alternative formalism is proposed that does not require postulating the existence of species as fundamental ecological variables, and provides a naturally hierarchical description of community dynamics. This formalism allows approaching the "species problem" from the opposite direction. While the classical models treat a world of imperfectly clustered organism types as a perturbation around well-clustered "species", the presented approach allows gradually adding structure to a fully disordered background. The relevance of this theoretical construct for describing highly diverse natural ecosystems is discussed.

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