冷适应种Nebria germari的生态学（鞘翅目：步甲科）：在当前间冰期期间冰上石质碎屑作为避难所的作用
Ecology of the cold-adapted species Nebria germari (Coleoptera: Carabidae): the role of supraglacial stony debris as refugium during the current interglacial period
摘要：
在目前的气候变化情况下，适应寒冷的昆虫是阿尔卑斯山高海拔栖息地最受威胁的生物之一。上坡的转变和物候的变化是两个最调查的气候变化的反应，但有越来越多的兴趣，在评估高海拔地形作为避难所的存在。Nebria germari Heer，1837（鞘翅目：步甲科）是一个嗜湿和冷适应的物种，仍然表现出大量的种群在东部阿尔卑斯山的冰川上的碎片。这项工作的目的是描述生态和物候的人口生活在冰川上的碎片。为此，我们分析了人口从三个白云质冰川的表面部分覆盖的石质碎片。我们发现，冰上碎屑的特点是更稳定的寒冷和潮湿的条件比周围的碎片斜坡和较短的无雪期。在冰川上的碎片上发现的种群是春季繁殖者，与20世纪80年代在白云质高山草原上记录的种群不同，后者被报道为秋季繁殖者。因此，目前Nebria germari似乎找到一个合适的栖息地，在冰上的碎片，微气象条件是适合其生命周期和竞争和捕食减少。
英文摘要：
In the current scenario of climate change, cold-adapted insects are among the most threatened organisms in high-altitude habitats of the Alps. Upslope shifts and changes in phenology are two of the most investigated responses to climate change, but there is an increasing interest in evaluating the presence of high-altitude landforms acting as refugia. Nebria germari Heer, 1837 (Coleoptera: Carabidae) is a hygrophilic and cold-adapted species that still exhibits large populations on supraglacial debris of the Eastern Alps. This work aims at describing the ecology and phenology of the populations living on supraglacial debris. To this end, we analysed the populations from three Dolomitic glaciers whose surfaces are partially covered by stony debris. We found that supraglacial debris is characterised by more stable colder and wetter conditions than the surrounding debris slopes and by a shorter snow-free period. The populations found on supraglacial debris were spring breeders, differently from those documented in the 1980s on Dolomitic high alpine grasslands, which were reported as autumn breeders. Currently Nebria germari seems therefore to find a suitable habitat on supraglacial debris, where micrometeorological conditions are appropriate for its life-cycle and competition and predation are reduced.
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