We study geodesics in generalized Wallach spaces which are expressed as orbits of products of three exponential terms. These are homogeneous spaces $M=G/K$ whose isotropy representation decomposes into a direct sum of three submodules $\frak{m}=\frak{m}_1\oplus\frak{m}_2\oplus\frak{m}_3$, satisfying the relations $[\frak{m}_i,\frak{m}_i]\subset \frak{k}$. Assuming that the submodules $\frak{m}_i$ are pairwise non isomorphic, we study geodesics on such spaces of the form $γ(t)=\exp (tX)\exp (tY)\exp (tZ)\cdot o$, where $X\in\fr{m}_1, Y\in\fr{m}_2, Z\in\fr{m}_3$ ($o=eK$), with respect to a $G$-invariant metric. Our investigation imposes certain restrictions on the $G$-invariant metric, so the geodesics turn out to be orbits of two exponential terms.
We give a point of view using Riemannian submersions.
As an application, we describe geodesics in generalized flag manifolds with three isotropy summands and with second Betti number $b_2(M)=2$, and in the Stiefel manifolds $SO(n+2)/S(n)$. We relate our results to geodesic orbit spaces (g.o. spaces).
We classify generalized Wallach spaces which are g.o. spaces. We also investigate homogeneous geodesics in generalized Wallach spaces for any given invariant Riemannian metric and we give some examples.
Invariant Einstein metrics on generalized Wallach spaces have been classified except $SO(k+l+m)/SO(k)\times SO(l)\times SO(m)$. In this paper, we give a survey on the study of invariant Einstein metrics on generalized Wallach spaces, and prove that there are infinitely many spaces of the type $SO(k+l+m)/SO(k)\times SO(l)\times SO(m)$ admitting exactly two, three, or four Einstein invariant metrics up to a homothety.
We study topological structures of the sets $(0,1/2)^3 \cap Ω$ and $(0,1/2)^3 \setminus Ω$, where~$Ω$ is one special algebraic surface defined by a symmetric polynomial in variables $a_1,a_2,a_3$ of degree~$12$. These problems arise in studying of general properties of degenerate singular points of dynamical systems obtained from the normalized Ricci flow on generalized Wallach spaces. Our main goal is to prove the connectedness of $(0,1/2)^3 \cap Ω$ and to determine the number of connected components of $(0,1/2)^3 \setminus Ω$. Key words and phrases: Riemannian metric, generalized Wallach spa…
We consider the asymptotic behavior of the normalized Ricci flow on generalized Wallach spaces that could be considered as special planar dynamical systems. All non symmetric generalized Wallach spaces can be naturally parametrized by three positive numbers $a_1, a_2, a_3$. Our interest is to determine the type of singularity of all singular points of the normalized Ricci flow on all such spaces. Our main result gives a qualitative answer for almost all points $(a_1,a_2,a_3)$ in the cube $(0,1/2]\times (0,1/2]\times (0,1/2]$.
We study geodesics of the form $γ(t)=π(\exp(tX)\exp(tY))$, $X,Y\in \fr{g}=\operatorname{Lie}(G)$, in homogeneous spaces $G/K$, where $π:G\rightarrow G/K$ is the natural projection. These curves naturally generalise homogeneous geodesics, that is orbits of one-parameter subgroups of $G$ (i.e. $γ(t)=π(\exp (tX))$, $X\in \fr{g}$). We obtain sufficient conditions on a homogeneous space implying the existence of such geodesics for $X,Y\in \fr{m}=T_o(G/K)$. We use these conditions to obtain examples of Riemannian homogeneous spaces $G/K$ so that all geodesics of $G/K$ are of the above form. These in…
We study the behavior of the normalized Ricci flow of invariant Riemannian homogeneous metrics at infinity for generalized Wallach spaces, generalized flag manifolds with four isotropy summands and second Betti number equal to one, and the Stiefel manifolds $V_2\mathbb{R}^n$ and $V_{1+k_2}\mathbb{R}^n$, with $n = 1+k_2+k_3$. We use techniques from the theory of differential equations, in particular the Poincaré compactification.
In this paper, we introduce the notion of standard homogeneous $(α_1,α_2)$-metrics, as a natural non-Riemannian deformation for the normal homogeneous Riemannian metrics. We prove that with respect to the given bi-invariant inner product and orthogonal decompositions for $\mathfrak{g}$, if there exists one generic standard g.o. $(α_1,α_2)$-metric, then all other standard homogeneous $(α_1,α_2)$-metrics are also g.o.. For standard homogeneous $(α_1,α_2)$-metrics associated with a triple of compact connected Lie groups, we can refine our theorem and get some simple algebraic equations as the cri…
We study singularities of geodesics flows in two-dimensional generalized Finsler spaces (pseudo-Finsler spaces). Geodesics are defined as extremals of a certain auxiliary functional whose non-isotropic extremals coincide with extremals of the action functional. This allows to consider isotropic lines as (unparametrized) geodesics.
We study conjugate points along homogeneous geodesics in generalized flag manifolds. This is done by analyzing the second variation of the energy of such geodesics. We also give an example of how the homogeneous Ricci flow can evolve in such way to produce conjugate points in the complex projective space $\mathbb{C} P^{2n+1} = Sp(n+1)/({U}(1)\times{Sp}(n))$.
We studied rules of transformations of Christoffel symbols under third type almost geodesic mappings in this paper. From this research, we obtained some new invariants of these mappings. These invariants are analogies of Thomas projective parameter and Weyl projective tensor.
We study the set of generalized principal $\mathfrak{g}$-logarithms of any matrix belonging to a connected SVD-closed subgroup $G$ of $U_n$, with Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}$. This set is a non-empty disjoint union of a finite number of subsets diffeomorphic to homogeneous spaces, and it is related to a suitable set of minimizing geodesics. Many particular cases for the group $G$ are explicitly analysed.
We give an overview of progress on homogeneous Einstein metrics on large classes of homogeneous manifolds, such as generalized flag manifolds and Stiefel manifolds. The main difference between these two classes of homogeneous spaces is that their isotropy representation does not contain/contain equivalent summands. We also discuss a third class of homogeneous spaces that falls into the intersection of such dichotomy, namely the generalized Wallach spaces. We give new invariant Einstein metrics on the Stiefel manifold $V_5\mathbb{R}^n$ ($n\ge 7$) and through this example we show how to prove ex…
We investigate (local) automorphisms of parabolic geometries that generalize geodesic symmetries. We show that many types of parabolic geometries admit at most one generalized geodesic symmetry at a point with non-zero harmonic curvature. Moreover, we show that if there is exactly one symmetry at each point, then the parabolic geometry is a generalization of an affine (locally) symmetric space.
In the present paper a generalized Kählerian space $\mathbb{G}\underset 1 {\mathbb{K}}{}_N$ of the first kind is considered, as a generalized Riemannian space $\mathbb{GR}_N$ with almost complex structure $F^h_i$, that is covariantly constant with respect to the first kind of covariant derivative. Using the non-symmetric metric tensor we find necessary and sufficient conditions for a geodesic mapping $f:\mathbb{GR}_N\to \mathbb{G}\underset 1 {\mathbb{\bar{K}}}{}_N$ with respect to the four kinds of covariant derivatives.
In this paper, we investigate left-invariant geodesic orbit metrics on connected simple Lie groups, where the metrics are formed by the structures of generalized flag manifolds. We prove that all these left-invariant geodesic orbit metrics on simple Lie groups are naturally reductive.
In this paper, we consider a Finsler space with a Randers change of Quartic metric F = $\sqrt[4]{α^4 + β^4} + β$. The conditions for this space to be with reversible geodesics are obtained. Further, we study some geometrical properties of F with reversible geodesics and prove that the Finsler metric F induces a generalized weighted quasi-distance $d_F$ on M.
The authors study a generalized notion of null geodesic defined by the Legendrian dynamics of a regular conical subbundle of the tangent bundle on a manifold. A natural extension of the Weyl tensor is shown to exist, and to depend only on this conical subbundle. Given a suitable defining function of the conical bundle, the Raychaudhuri--Sachs equations of general relativity continue to hold, and give rise to the same phenomenon of covergence of null geodesics in regions of positive energy that underlies the theory of gravitation.
The object of this paper is to study the invariant submanifolds of Sasakian generalized-Sasakian-space-form. Here, we obtain some equivalent conditions for an invariant submanifold of a Sasakian generalized-Sasakian-space-forms to be totally geodesic.
Riemannian geodesic orbit spaces (G/H,g) are natural generalizations of symmetric spaces, defined by the property that their geodesics are orbits of one-parameter subgroups of G. We study the geodesic orbit spaces of the form (G/S,g), where G is a compact, connected, semisimple Lie group and S is abelian. We give a simple geometric characterization of those spaces, namely that they are naturally reductive. In turn, this yields the classification of the invariant geodesic orbit (and also the naturally reductive) metrics on any space of the form G/S. Our approach involves simplifying the intrica…
We define the notion of geodesic completeness for semi-Riemannian metrics of low regularity in the framework of the geometric theory of generalized functions. We then show completeness of a wide class of impulsive gravitational wave space-times.
We study a generalized Fermat-Torricelli (S.FT) problem for infinitesimal geodesic triangles on a C^2 complete surface M with variable Gaussian curvature a < K < b, for a, b in R, such that the intersection point (generalized Fermat-Torricelli point) of the three geodesics acquires a positive real number (subconscious). The solution of the S.FT problem is a generalized Fermat-Torricelli tree with one node that has acquired a subconscious. This solution is based on a new variational method of the length of a geodesic arc with respect to arc length, which coincides with the first variational for…
This paper gives a new characterization of geodesic spheres in the hyperbolic space in terms of a ``weighted'' higher order mean curvature. Precisely, we show that a compact hypersurface $Σ^{n-1}$ embedded in $\H^n$ with $VH_k$ being constant for some $k=1,\cdots,n-1$ is a centered geodesic sphere. Here $H_k$ is the $k$-th normalized mean curvature of $Σ$ induced from $\H^n$ and $V=\cosh r$, where $r$ is a hyperbolic distance to a fixed point in $\H^n$. Moreover, this result can be generalized to a compact hypersurface $Σ$ embedded in $\H^n$ with the ratio $V\left(\frac{H_k}{H_j}\right)\equiv\…
In this work, magnetic geodesics over the space of Kähler potentials are studied through a variational method for a generalized Landau-Hall functional. The magnetic geodesic equation is calculated in this setting and its relation to a perturbed complex Monge-Ampère equation is given. Lastly, the magnetic geodesic equation is considered over the special case of toric Kähler potentials over toric Kähler manifolds.
We consider the geodesic equation for the generalized Kahler potential with only mixed second derivatives bounded. We show that given such two generalized Kahler potentials, there is a unique geodesic segment such that for each point on the geodesic, the generalized Kahler potential has uniformly bounded mixed second derivatives (in manifold directions). This generalizes a fundamental theorem of Chen \cite{Chen00} on the space of Kahler potentials.
We give some remarks on geodesics in the space of Kähler metrics that are defined for all time. Such curves are conjecturally induced by holomorphic vector fields, and we show that this is indeed so for regular geodesics, whereas the question for generalized geodesics is still open (as far as we know). We also give a result about the derivative of such geodesics which implies a variant of a theorem of Atiyah and Guillemin-Sternberg on convexity of the image of certain moment maps.
Given a compact Kähler manifold (X,ω_0), according to Mabuchi, the set of Kähler forms cohomologous to ω_0 has the natural structure of an infinite dimensional Riemannian manifold. We address the question whether points in this space can be joined by a geodesic, and strengthening previous findings of the second author with Vivas, we show that this cannot always be done even with a certain type of generalized geodesics.
We show that on compact Riemann surfaces of negative curvature, the generalized periods, i.e. the $ν$-th order Fourier coefficient of eigenfunctions $e_λ$ over a period geodesic $γ$ goes to 0 at the rate of $O((\logλ)^{-1/2})$, if $0<ν<c_0λ$, given any $0<c_0<1$. No such result is possible for the sphere $S^2$ or the flat torus $\mathbb T^2$. Combined with the quantum ergodic restriction result of Toth and Zelditch, our results imply that for a generic closed geodesic $γ$ on a compact hyperbolic surface, the restriction $e_{λ_j}|_γ$ of an orthonormal basis $\{e_{λ_j}\}$ has a full density subs…
In this paper, we show a local energy convexity of $W^{1,2}$ maps into $CAT(K)$ spaces. This energy convexity allows us to extend Colding and Minicozzi's width-sweepout construction to produce closed geodesics in any closed Alexandrov space of curvature bounded from above, which also provides a generalized version of the Birkhoff-Lyusternik theorem on the existence of non-trivial closed geodesics in the Alexandrov setting.
We prove that H-type Carnot groups of rank $k$ and dimension $n$ satisfy the $\mathrm{MCP}(K,N)$ if and only if $K\leq 0$ and $N \geq k+3(n-k)$. The latter integer coincides with the geodesic dimension of the Carnot group. The same result holds true for the larger class of generalized H-type Carnot groups introduced in this paper, and for which we compute explicitly the optimal synthesis. This constitutes the largest class of Carnot groups for which the curvature exponent coincides with the geodesic dimension. We stress that generalized H-type Carnot groups have step 2, include all corank 1 gr…
We study integrable geodesic flows on Stiefel varieties $V_{n,r}=SO(n)/SO(n-r)$ given by the Euclidean, normal (standard), Manakov-type, and Einstein metrics. We also consider natural generalizations of the Neumann systems on $V_{n,r}$ with the above metrics and proves their integrability in the non-commutative sense by presenting compatible Poisson brackets on $(T^*V_{n,r})/SO(r)$. Various reductions of the latter systems are described, in particular, the generalized Neumann system on an oriented Grassmannian $G_{n,r}$ and on a sphere $S^{n-1}$ in presence of Yang-Mills fields or a magnetic m…
We survey the correct definition of a generalized Dirac operator on a Space--Time and the classical result about propagation of singularities. This says that light travels along light--like geodesics. Finally we show this is also true for generalized Dirac operators.
Given a designer created free-form surface in 3d space, our method computes a grid composed of elastic elements which are completely planar and straight. Only by fixing the ends of the planar elements to appropriate locations, the 2d grid bends and approximates the given 3d surface. Our method is based purely on the notions from differential geometry of curves and surfaces and avoids any physical simulations. In particular, we introduce a well-defined elastic grid energy functional that allows identifying networks of curves that minimize the bending energy and at the same time nestle to the pr…
The paper deals with some problems related to recovering information about an obstacle in an Euclidean space from certain measurements of lengths of generalized geodesics in the exterior of the obstacle. The main result is that if two obstacles satisfy some generic regularity conditions and have (almost) the same traveling times, then the generalized geodesic flows in their exteriors are conjugate on the non-trapping part of their phase spaces with a time preserving conjugacy. In the case of a union of two strictly convex domains in the plane, a constructive algorithm is described to recover t…
In this article we study the Hofer geometry of a compact Lie group $K$ which acts by Hamiltonian diffeomorphisms on a symplectic manifold $M$. Generalized Hofer norms on the Lie algebra of $K$ are introduced and analyzed with tools from group invariant convex geometry, functional and matrix analysis. Several global results on the existence of geodesics and their characterization in finite dimensional Lie groups $K$ endowed with bi-invariant Finsler metrics are proved. We relate the conditions for being a geodesic in the group $K$ and in the group of Hamiltonian diffeomorphisms. These results a…
