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arXiv 1503.01582math.SPmath.GTmath.PR
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随机结点集的泛分支

Universal components of random nodal sets

Damien Gayet, Jean-Yves Welschinger

摘要:

当$L$增长到无穷大时,我们给出了特征值低于$L$的$P$特征向量的随机线性组合的消失轨迹的期望Betti数的$L^{n/m}$阶的明确下界.这里,$P$表示一个椭圆型自伴伪微分算子,其阶为$m\textgreater{}0$,从下有界,作用在光滑闭$n$维流形$M$上的黎曼线丛的截面上,流形上具有某种勒贝格测度。事实上,对于$\mathbb R^n$的每个闭超曲面$Σ$,我们证明了存在一个只依赖于$Σ$的正常数$p\_Σ$,使得对于每个足够大的$L$和每个$x\in M$,在以$x$为中心的半径为$L^{-1/m}$的球的消失轨迹中,与$Σ$同构的分量至少以概率$p\_Σ$出现.这些结果特别适用于Laplace-Beltrami和Dirichlet-to-Neumann算子。

英文摘要:

We give, as $L$ grows to infinity, an explicit lower bound of order $L^{n/m}$ for the expected Betti numbers of the vanishing locus of a random linear combination of eigenvectors of $P$ with eigenvalues below $L$. Here, $P$ denotes an elliptic self-adjoint pseudo-differential operator of order $m\textgreater{}0$, bounded from below and acting on the sections of a Riemannian line bundle over a smooth closed $n$-dimensional manifold $M$ equipped with some Lebesgue measure. In fact, for every closed hypersurface $Σ$ of $\mathbb R^n$, we prove that there exists a positive constant $p\_Σ$ depending only on $Σ$, such that for every large enough $L$ and every $x\in M$, a component diffeomorphic to $Σ$ appears with probability at least $p\_Σ$ in the vanishing locus of a random section and in the ball of radius $L^{-1/m}$ centered at $x$. These results apply in particular to Laplace-Beltrami and Dirichlet-to-Neumann operators.

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