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arXiv 1502.07527quant-phcond-mat.other
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幺正量子动力学的一种不稳定性

An instability of unitary quantum dynamics

Jasper van Wezel

摘要:

平衡态的不稳定性量子力学是常见的,也是很容易理解的。例如,它们表现在相变中,其中量子系统变得对扰动如此敏感,以至于对称性可以自发地破缺。在这里,我们考虑的可能性,时间演化的量子动力学可能同样受到不稳定性,在那里它的幺正性自发地打破,由于对微扰的极端敏感性。我们发现确实存在这种不稳定性,我们探讨其直接后果。解释的结果都在极端敏感的环境自由度的影响,并在一个可能的根本违反统一性方面进行了讨论。

英文摘要:

Instabilities of equilibrium quantum mechanics are common and well-understood. They are manifested for example in phase transitions, where a quantum system becomes so sensitive to perturbations that a symmetry can be spontaneously broken. Here, we consider the possibility that the time evolution governing quantum dynamics may be similarly subject to an instability, at which its unitarity spontaneously breaks down owing to an extreme sensitivity towards perturbations. We find that indeed such an instability exists, and we explore its immediate consequences. Interpretations of the results both in terms of extreme sensitivity to the influence of environmental degrees of freedom, and in terms of a possible fundamental violation of unitarity are discussed.

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