In this paper we study the distribution of squares modulo a square-free number $q$. We also look at inverse questions for the large sieve in the distribution aspect and we make improvements on existing results on the distribution of $s$-tuples of reduced residues.
Let $b_k(n)$ denote the $k-$regular partitons of a natural number $n$. In this paper, we study the behavior of $b_k(n)$ modulo composite integers $M$ which are coprime to $6$. Specially, we prove that for arbitrary $k-$regular partiton function $b_k(n)$ and integer $M$ coprime to $6$, there are infinitely many Ramanujan-type congruences of $b_k(n)$ modulo $M$.
Artin's Conjecture on Primitive Roots states that a non-square nonunit integer $a$ is a primitive root modulo $p$ for the positive proportion of $p$. This conjecture remains open, but on average, there are many results due to P. J. Stephens. There is a natural generalization of the conjecture for composite moduli. We can consider $a$ as the primitive root modulo, $(\mathbb{Z}/n\mathbb{Z})^{*}$ if $a$ is an element of the maximal exponent in the group. The behavior is more complex for composite moduli, and the corresponding average results are provided by S. Li and C. Pomerance, and recently by…
Two $q$-supercongruences of truncated basic hypergeometric series containing two free parameters are established by employing specific identities for basic hypergeometric series. The results partly extend two $q$-supercongruences that were earlier conjectured by the same authors and involve $q$-supercongruences modulo the square and the cube of a cyclotomic polynomial. One of the newly proved $q$-supercongruences is even conjectured to hold modulo the fourth power of a cyclotomic polynomial.
We obtain new lower bounds on the number of smooth squarefree integers up to $x$ in residue classes modulo a prime $p$, relatively large compared to $x$, which in some ranges of $p$ and $x$ improve that of A. Balog and C. Pomerance (1992). We also estimate the smallest squarefull number in almost all residue classes modulo a prime $p$.
Using Watson's terminating $_8ϕ_7$ transformation formula, we prove a family of $q$-congruences modulo the square of a cyclotomic polynomial, which were originally conjectured by the author and Zudilin [J. Math. Anal. Appl. 475 (2019), 1636--646]. As an application, we deduce two supercongruences modulo $p^4$ ($p$ is an odd prime) and their $q$-analogues. This also partially confirms a special case of Swisher's (H.3) conjecture.
The group of singular elements was first introduced by Helmut Hasse and later it has been studied by numerous authors including such well known mathematicians as: Cassels, Furtwängler, Hecke, Knebusch, Takagi and of course Hasse himself; to name just a few. The aim of the present paper is to present algorithms that explicitly construct groups of singular and $S$-singular elements (modulo squares) in a global function field.
Let $f(x)$ be a nonconstant polynomial with integer coefficients and nonzero discriminant. We study the distribution modulo primes of the set of squarefree integers $d$ such that the curve $dy^2=f(x)$ has a nontrivial rational or integral point.
We prove that if $\varepsilon(m)\to 0$ arbitrarily slowly, then for almost all $m$ and any $A\subset\mathbb{Z}_m$ such that $A-A$ does not contain non-zero quadratic residues we have $|A|\leq m^{1/2-\varepsilon(m)}.$
We give some new $q$-supercongruences on truncated forms of squares of basic hypergeometric series. Most of them are modulo the cube of a cyclotomic polynomial, and two of them are modulo the fourth power of a cyclotomic polynomial. The main ingredients of our proofs are the creative microscoping method, a lemma of El Bachraoui, and the Chinese remainder theorem for coprime polynomials. We also propose several related conjectures for further study.
We consider the distribution in residue classes modulo primes $p$ of Euler's totient function $ϕ(n)$ and the sum-of-proper-divisors function $s(n):=σ(n)-n$. We prove that the values $ϕ(n)$, for $n\le x$, that are coprime to $p$ are asymptotically uniformly distributed among the $p-1$ coprime residue classes modulo $p$, uniformly for $5 \le p \le (\log{x})^A$ (with $A$ fixed but arbitrary). We also show that the values of $s(n)$, for $n$ composite, are uniformly distributed among all $p$ residue classes modulo every $p\le (\log{x})^A$. These appear to be the first results of their kind where th…
For any $\varepsilon >0$, we obtain an asymptotic formula for the number of solutions $n \le x$ to $$ \lVert αn + β\rVert < x^{-\frac{1}{4}+\varepsilon} $$ where $n$ is $[y,z]$-smooth for infinitely many real number $x$. In addition, we also establish an asymptotic formula with an additional square-free condition on $n$. Moreover, if $α$ is quadratic irrational then the asymptotic formulas holds for all sufficiently large $x$. Our ingredients come from the Harman sieve which we adapt suitably to sieve for $[y,z]$-smooth numbers. The arithmetic information comes from estimates for exponential s…
We give elementary proofs for the Apagodu-Zeilberger-Stanton-Amdeberhan-Tauraso congruences $$\sum\limits_{n=0}^{p-1}\dbinom{2n}{n} \equivη_{p}\mod p^{2},$$ $$\sum\limits_{n=0}^{rp-1}\dbinom{2n}{n} \equivη_{p}\sum\limits_{n=0}^{r-1}\dbinom {2n}{n}\mod p^{2}$$ and $$\sum\limits_{n=0}^{rp-1}\sum\limits_{m=0}^{sp-1}\dbinom{n+m}{m}^{2} \equivη_{p} \sum\limits_{m=0}^{r-1}\sum\limits_{n=0}^{s-1}\dbinom{n+m}{m}^2\mod p^2,$$ where $p$ is an odd prime, $r$ and $s$ are nonnegative integers, and $η_{p}= \begin{cases} 0, &\text{if }p\equiv0\mod 3;\\ 1, & \text{if }p\equiv1\mod 3;\\ -1, &\text{if }p\equiv2…
E. Artin conjectured that any integer $a >1$ which is not a perfect square is a primitive root modulo $p$ for infinitely many primes $p.$ Let $f_a(p)$ be the multiplicative order of the non-square integer $a$ modulo the prime $p.$ M. R. Murty and S. Srinivasan [10] showed that if $\sum_{p<x} \frac 1 {f_a(p)}= O(x^{1/4})$ then Artin's conjecture is true for $a.$ We relate the Murty-Srinivasan condition to sums involving the cyclotomic periods from the subfields of $\mathbb Q(e^{2πi/p})$ corresponding to the subgroups $<a> \subseteq \mathbb F*_p.$
Building upon the work of A. Booker and C. Pomerance (2017), we prove that for a prime power $q \geq 7$, every residue class modulo an irreducible polynomial $F \in \mathbb{F}_q[X]$ has a non-constant, square-free representative which has no irreducible factors of degree exceeding $\text{deg}~F -1$. We also give applications to generating sequences of irreducible polynomials.
Uniformly for small $q$ and $(a,q)=1$, we obtain an estimate for the weighted number of ways a sufficiently large integer can be represented as the sum of a prime congruent to $a$ modulo $q$ and a square-free integer. Our method is based on the notion of local model developed by Ramaré and may be viewed as an abstract circle method.
Mixed sums of squares and triangular numbers (III)
本文证实了孙文的一个猜想:每个正整数是一个平方、一个奇平方和一个三角数的和。对任意正整数m,我们证明了p= 2 m +1是3模4的素同余当且仅当T_m=m(m+1)/2不能表示为两个奇平方和一个三角数之和,即,p^2=x^2+8(y^2+z^2),其中x,y,z均为非奇数。我们还证明了一个正整数不能写成一个奇数平方和两个三角数之和当且仅当它是2T_m(m>0)的形式,其中2 m +1没有素除子与3模4全等。
Let $p\ge 7$ be a prime number and $f$ a normalized eigen-newform with good reduction at $p$ such that its $p$-th Fourier coefficient vanishes. We construct a rank-two Euler system attached to the $p$-adic realization of the symmetric square motive of $f$. Furthermore, we show that the non-triviality is guaranteed by the non-vanishing of the leading term of the relevant $L$-value and the non-vanishing of a certain $p$-adic period modulo $p$.
Let $P$ and $T$ be disjoint sets of prime numbers with $T$ finite. A simple formula is given for the natural density of the set of square-free numbers which are divisible by all of the primes in $T$ and by none of the primes in $P$. If $P$ is the set of primes congruent to $r$ modulo $m$ (where $m$ and $r$ are relatively prime numbers), then this natural density is shown to be $0$.
In this work we introduce the numerical constant, LOPI, N LOPI is congruent to LOPI mod 18, equal to the lowest odd partition identity in conjunction with the reduced residue system Modulo 18, a complete disjoint covering residue system when considered in its whole set of residues from 0 to 17. By convolution of specific LOPI Dirichlet linear progressions for each LOPI superset, the non-prime elements of the 6 reduced residue congruence classes mod 18 are generated sequentially and uniquely. Through set generation and complete composite number subset generation based on the pattern of sequenti…
A universal sequence of integers generating balanced Steinhaus figures modulo an odd number
在本文中,我们部分地解决了一个公开的问题,由于J. C. Molluzzo在1976年提出了一个正整数$n$模的平衡Steinhaus三角形的存在性,即包含$\mathbb{Z}/n\mathbb{Z}$的所有元素的Steinhaus三角形具有相同的重数。对于每一个奇数$n$,通过线性元胞自动机生成杨辉三角形模$n$,在$\mathbb{Z}/n\mathbb{Z}$中建立一个轨道,其中包含无穷多个平衡Steinhaus三角形.在$\mathbb{Z}/n\mathbb{Z}$中,这个轨道是从一个称为通用序列的整数序列中得到的。证明了在$n$是奇素数幂的情况下,对于至少$2/3$的容许大小,存在平衡的Steinhaus三角形.其他平衡的斯坦豪斯图形,如斯坦豪斯三角形、广义杨辉三角形、帕斯卡三角形或菱形,也出现在通用序列模$n$奇数的轨道上。我们证明了平衡广义杨辉三角形的存在性至少$2/3$的容许大小,在$n$是一个奇素数的权力的情况下,和平衡菱形的存在性的所有容许的大小,在$n$是一个平方免费的奇数。
Given a prime $p$ and a positive integer $k$, let $\mathrm{M}_{n}(\mathbb{Z}/p^{k}\mathbb{Z})$ be the ring of $n \times n$ matrices over $\mathbb{Z}/p^{k}\mathbb{Z}$. We consider the number of solutions $X \in \mathrm{M}_{n}(\mathbb{Z}/p^{k}\mathbb{Z})$ to the polynomial equation $P(X) = 0$, where $P(t)$ is a monic polynomial in $(\mathbb{Z}/p^{k}\mathbb{Z})[t]$ whose reduction modulo $p$ is square-free over the finite field $\mathbb{F}_{p}$ of $p$ elements. Noting that $P(X) = 0$ if and only if $\mathrm{cok}(P(X)) \simeq (\mathbb{Z}/p^{k}\mathbb{Z})^{n}$, we give a conjectural generalization …