Kamil Bogus, Tomasz Byczkowski, Jacek Malecki
The main objective of the work is to provide sharp two-sided estimates of $λ$-Green function of hyperbolic Brownian motion of a half-space. We strongly rely on recent results obtained by K. Bogus and J. Malecki [3], regarding precise estimates of the Bessel heat kernel of half-lines.
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We show that the range of a long Brownian bridge in the hyperbolic space converges after suitable renormalisation to the Brownian continuum random tree. This result is a relatively elementary consequence of $\bullet$ A theorem by Bougerol and Jeulin, stating that the rescaled radial process converges to the normalized Brownian excursion, $\bullet$ A property of invariance under re-rooting, $\bullet$ The hyperbolicity of the ambient space in the sense of Gromov. A similar result is obtained for the rescaled infinite Brownian loop in hyperbolic space.
We discuss the escape rate of the Brownian motion on a hyperbolic space. We point out that the escape rate is determined by using the Brownian expression of the radial part and a generalized Kolmogorov's test for the one dimensional Brownian motion.
We introduce and study a new random surface which we call the hyperbolic Brownian plane and which is the near-critical scaling limit of the hyperbolic triangulations constructed in arXiv:1401.3297. The law of the hyperbolic Brownian plane is obtained after biasing the law of the Brownian plane arXiv:1204.5921 by an explicit martingale depending on its perimeter and volume processes studied in arXiv:1409.4026. Although the hyperbolic Brownian plane has the same local properties as those of the Brownian plane, its large scale structure is much different since we prove e.g. that is has exponentia…
The main results in this paper concern large and moderate deviations for the radial component of a $n$-dimensional hyperbolic Brownian motion (for $n\geq 2$) on the Poincaré half-space. We also investigate the asymptotic behavior of the hitting probability $P_η(T_{η_1}^{(n)}<\infty)$ of a ball of radius $η_1$, as the distance $η$ of the starting point of the hyperbolic Brownian motion goes to infinity.
Using the explicit representations of the Brownian motions on the hyperbolic spaces, we show that their almost sure convergence and the central limit theorems for the radial components as time tends to infinity are easily obtained. We also give a straightforward strategy to obtain the explicit expressions for the limit distributions or the Poisson kernels.
Perimeter length of the convex hull of Brownian motion in the hyperbolic plane
研究双曲平面中布朗运动轨迹凸包周长的期望，通过将其与一维实值布朗运动的指数泛函期望关联，推导出小时间和大时间渐近行为。
Berry-Esseen bound for the Brownian motions on hyperbolic spaces
本文研究了双曲空间上布朗运动径向部分的高斯波动，基于Millson公式和分部积分公式得到了均匀收敛速率，并证明在维数为2或一般奇数时该结果是精确的。
Diffusion processes $(\underline{\bf X}_d(t))_{t\geq 0}$ moving inside spheres $S_R^d \subset\mathbb{R}^d$ and reflecting orthogonally on their surfaces $\partial S_R^d$ are considered. The stochastic differential equations governing the reflecting diffusions are presented and their kernels and distributions explicitly derived. Reflection is obtained by means of the inversion with respect to the sphere $S_R^d$. The particular cases of Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process and Brownian motion are examined in detail. The hyperbolic Brownian motion on the Poincarè half-space $\mathbb{H}_d$ is examined in th…
It has been known for some time that the Green's function of a planar domain can be defined in terms of the exit time of Brownian motion, and this definition has been extended to stopping times more general than exit times. In this paper, we extend the notion of conformal invariance of Green's function to analytic functions which are not injective, and use this extension to calculate the Green's function for a stopping time defined by the winding of Brownian motion. These considerations lead to a new proof of the Riemann mapping theorem. We also show how this invariance can be used to deduce s…
In this article we study stability properties of $g_O$, the standard Green kernel for $O$ an open regular set in $R^d$. In $d\ge 3$ we show that $g_O^β$ is again a Green kernel of a Markov Feller process, for any power $β\in [1,d/(d-2))$. In dimension $d=2$, if $O$ is an open Greenian regular set, we show the same result for $g_O^β$, for any $β\ge 1$ and for the kernel $\exp(αg_O)$, when $α\in (0,2π)$.
A subordinate Brownian motion is a Lévy process which can be obtained by replacing the time of the Brownian motion by an independent subordinator. The infinitesimal generator of a subordinate Brownian motion is $-ϕ(-Δ)$, where $ϕ$ is the Laplace exponent of the subordinator. In this paper, we consider a large class of subordinate Brownian motions without diffusion component and with $ϕ$ comparable to a regularly varying function at infinity. This class of processes includes symmetric stable processes, relativistic stable processes, sums of independent symmetric stable processes, sums of indepe…
Consider the $λ$-Green function and the $λ$-Poisson kernel of a Lipschitz domain $U\subset \mathbb H^n=\left\{x\in\mathbb R^n:x_n>0\right\}$ for hyperbolic Brownian motion with drift. We provide several relationships that facilitate studying those objects and explain somehow theirs nature. As an application, we yield uniform estimates in case of sets of the form $S_{a,b}=\{x\in\mathbb H^n:x_n>a, x_1\in(0,b)\}$, $a,b>0$, $a,b>0$, which covers and extends existing results of that kind.
Hyperbolic branching Brownian motion: the empirical limit measure
研究双曲空间中的分支布朗运动，证明归一化经验测度收敛到边界上的随机测度 μ_∞，并刻画其 Hausdorff 维数为 (2β)∧1，当 β>1/2 时具有 Lebesgue 密度。
Asymptotics for the Green's functions of a transient reflected Brownian motion in a wedge
本文研究了二维楔形中斜反射的瞬态布朗运动，通过建立核函数方程连接 Green's 函数的 Laplace 变换，结合解析延拓与 Riemann 面上的鞍点法，推导出所有方向上 Green's 函数的精确渐近展开。
Multiple SLEs and Dyson Brownian motion: transition density and Green's function
本文研究 $κ\in(0,4]$ 的多重弦 SLE，证明在公共时间参数化下其驱动函数的转移密度可由 Dyson 布朗运动的转移密度与 Green 函数表示。
A subordinate Brownian motion $X$ is a Lévy process which can be obtained by replacing the time of the Brownian motion by an independent subordinator. In this paper, when the Laplace exponent $ϕ$ of the corresponding subordinator satisfies some mild conditions, we first prove the scale invariant boundary Harnack inequality for $X$ on arbitrary open sets. Then we give an explicit form of sharp two-sided estimates on the Green functions of these subordinate Brownian motions in any bounded $C^{1,1}$ open set. As a consequence, we prove the boundary Harnack inequality for $X$ on any $C^{1,1}$ open…
Notes on hyperbolic branching Brownian motion
本文研究双曲空间中分支布朗运动的特性，分析最大和最小双曲距离的衰减速率，并探讨分支种群经验分布随时间演化及收敛于边界上的无限支持随机测度。
In the present paper, an expansion of the transition density of Hyperbolic Brownian motion with drift is given, which is potentially useful for pricing and hedging of options under stochastic volatility models. We work on a condition on the drift which dramatically simplifies the proof.
We define and study the windings along Brownian paths in the octonionic Euclidean, projective and hyperbolic spaces which are isometric to 8-dimensional Riemannian model spaces. In particular, the asymptotic laws of these windings are shown to be Gaussian for the flat and spherical geometries while the hyperbolic winding exhibits a different long time-behavior.
We define and study the 3-dimensional windings along Brownian paths in the quaternionic Euclidean, projective and hyperbolic spaces. In particular, the asymptotic laws of these windings are shown to be Gaussian for the flat and spherical geometries while the hyperbolic winding exhibits a different long time-behavior. The corresponding asymptotic law seems to be new and is related to the Cauchy relativistic distribution.
Let $(X_t)_{t\geq0}$ be the $n$-dimensional hyperbolic Brownian motion, that is the diffusion on the real hyperbolic space $\D^n$ having the Laplace-Beltrami operator as its generator. The aim of the paper is to derive the formulas for the Gegenbauer transform of the Poisson kernel and the Green function of the ball for the process $(X_t)_{t\geq0}$. Under some additional hypotheses we give the formulas for the Poisson kernel itself. In particular, we provide formulas in $\D^4$ and $\D^6$ spaces for the Poisson kernel and the Green function as well.
Regularization of Hyperbolic Stochastic Partial Differential Equations By Two Fractional Brownian Sheets
本文通过两个相关分数布朗运动片对双曲随机偏微分方程进行正则化，证明了在弱假设下方程的强解存在性和唯一性。
Brownian windings, Stochastic Green's formula and inhomogeneous magnetic impurities
本文提出了一种适用于平面布朗运动的通用格林公式，用于研究非均匀磁场中由泊松分布磁性杂质引起的阿哈罗尼-玻姆效应，并分析了布朗粒子绕数的统计特性。
We establish a variational formula for the exponential decay rate of the Green function of Brownian motion evolving in a random stationary and ergodic nonnegative potential. Such a variational formula is established by Schroeder in 'Green's Functions for the Schrödinger Operator with Periodic Potential', J. Funct. Anal. 77 (1988), for potentials on compact spaces and is generalised in the present article to a non-compact setting. We show exponential decay of the Green function implicitly. This formula for the Lyapunov exponent has several direct implications. It allows to compare the influence…
The Matsumoto\,--Yor process is $\int\_0^t \exp(2B\_s-B\_t)\, ds$, where $(B\_t)$ is a Brownian motion. It is shown that it is the limit of the radial part of the Brownian motion at the bottom of the spectrum on the hyperbolic space of dimension $q$, when $q$ tends to infinity. Analogous processes on infinite series of non compact symmetric spaces and on regular trees are described.
Scaling limit of critical percolation clusters on hyperbolic random half-planar triangulations and the associated random walks
本文证明了半平面随机双曲三角剖分上临界渗流簇的Gromov-Hausdorff-Prohorov标度极限为布朗连续随机树，并推得其上的简单随机游走重标度为该树上的布朗运动。
Starting from the hyperbolic Brownian motion as a time-changed Brownian motion, we explore a set of probabilistic models--related to the SABR model in mathematical finance--which can be obtained by geometry-preserving transformations, and show how to translate the properties of the hyperbolic Brownian motion (density, probability mass, drift) to each particular model. Our main result is an explicit expression for the probability of any of these models hitting the boundary of their domains, the proof of which relies on the properties of the aforementioned transformations as well as time-change …
We prove the Harnack inequality and boundary Harnack principle for the absolute value of a one-dimensional recurrent subordinate Brownian motion killed upon hitting $0$, when $0$ is regular for itself and the Laplace exponent of the subordinator satisfies certain global scaling conditions. Using the conditional gauge theorem for symmetric Hunt processes we prove that the Green function of this process killed outside of some interval $(a,b)$ is comparable to the Green function of the corresponding killed subordinate Brownian motion. We also consider several properties of the compensated resolve…
For a hyperbolic Brownian motion on the Poincaré half-plane $\mathbb{H}^2$, starting from a point of hyperbolic coordinates $z=(η, α)$ inside a hyperbolic disc $U$ of radius $\barη$, we obtain the probability of hitting the boundary $\partial U$ at the point $(\bar η,\bar α)$. For $\barη \to \infty$ we derive the asymptotic Cauchy hitting distribution on $\partial \mathbb{H}^2$ and for small values of $η$ and $\bar η$ we obtain the classical Euclidean Poisson kernel. The exit probabilities $\mathbb{P}_z\{T_{η_1}<T_{η_2}\}$ from a hyperbolic annulus in $\mathbb{H}^2$ of radii $η_1$ and $η_2$ ar…
Martin boundary of a degenerate Reflected Brownian Motion in a wedge
本文研究退化反射布朗运动在楔形中的马丁边界，通过计算格林函数的拉普拉斯变换并推导其渐进行为，确定了最小马丁边界及相应的调和函数。
Brownian motion: the hyperbolic number setting
本文在双曲概率框架下定义正态高斯变量，并引入相关的布朗运动，利用两个经典高斯变量构造双曲正态高斯变量，并研究其性质。
Iterated Bessel processes R^γ(t), t>0, γ>0 and their counterparts on hyperbolic spaces, i.e. hyperbolic Brownian motions B^{hp}(t), t>0 are examined and their probability laws derived. The higher-order partial differential equations governing the distributions of I_R(t)=_1R^γ(_2R^γ(t)), t>0 and J_R(t) =_1R^γ(|_2R^γ(t)|^2), t>0 are obtained and discussed. Processes of the form R^γ(T_t), t>0, B^{hp}(T_t), t>0 where T_t=\inf{s: B(s)=t} are examined and numerous probability laws derived, including the Student law, the arcsin laws (also their asymmetric versions), the Lamperti distribution of the r…
The purpose of the paper is to find the joint distribution of the hitting time and place of two-dimensional Brownian motion hitting the negative horizontal axis. We provide various formulas for Green functions as well as for the conditional distributions. In the end we treat an analogous problem for the case when vertical component has a negative drift.
Time-dependency in hyperbolic Anderson model: Stratonovich regime
本文研究时间依赖高斯噪声驱动的双曲安德森方程的可解性与大t渐近性，通过Stratonovich矩界、时间随机化布朗相交局部时表示及大偏差原理三项进展，得到解存在的充要条件与解期望的大t极限形式。
We study the Brownian motion on the non-compact Grassmann manifold $\frac{\mathbf{U}(n-k,k)} {\mathbf{U}(n-k)\mathbf{U}(k)}$ and some of its functionals. The key point is to realize this Brownian motion as a matrix diffusion process, use matrix stochastic calculus and take advantage of the hyperbolic Stiefel fibration to study a functional that can be understood in that setting as a generalized stochastic area process. In particular, a connection to the generalized Maass Laplacian of the complex hyperbolic space is presented and applications to the study of Brownian windings in the Lie group $…
We consider a subordinate Brownian motion $X$ with Gaussian components when the scaling order of purely discontinuous part is between $0$ and $2$ including $2$. In this paper we establish sharp two-sided bounds for transition density of $X$ in ${\mathbb R}^d$ and $C^{1,1}$-open sets. As a corollary, we obtain a sharp Green function estimates.
Green Measures for a Class of non-Markov Processes
本文研究广义灰色布朗运动族 $B_{β,α}$ 的格林测度，证明当 $dα>2$ 且 $1<α\le2$ 时永久积分以概率1存在，从而统一推广了分数布朗运动、布朗运动及其他非高斯过程的格林测度。
We prove an almost sure invariance principle (approximation by d-dimensional Brownian motion) for vector-valued Holder observables of large classes of nonuniformly hyperbolic dynamical systems. These systems include Axiom~A diffeomorphisms and flows as well as systems modelled by Young towers with moderate tail decay rates. In particular, the position variable of the planar periodic Lorentz gas with finite horizon approximates a 2-dimensional Brownian motion.
Mean first escape times of Brownian motion on asymptotically hyperbolic and gas giant metric surfaces
研究了布朗运动在渐近双曲和气态巨行星度量表面的平均首次逃逸时间，通过渐近展开和数值模拟验证了不同度量下逃逸时间的行为差异。
A symmetric relation in the probabilistic Green's function for birth-death chains is explored. Two proofs are given, each of which makes use of the known symmetry of the Green's functions in other contexts. The first uses as primary tool the local time of Brownian motion, while the second uses the reciprocity principle from electric network theory. We also show that the the second proof extends easily to cover birth-death chains (a.k.a. state-dependent random walks) on trees.
We provide an integral formula for the Poisson kernel of half-spaces for Brownian motion in real hyperbolic space $\H^n$. This enables us to find asymptotic properties of the kernel. Our starting point is the formula for its Fourier transform. When $n=3$, 4 or 6 we give an explicit formula for the Poisson kernel itself. In the general case we give various asymptotics and show convergence to the Poisson kernel of $\H^n$.
In this paper, we derive explicit sharp two-sided estimates for the Dirichlet heat kernels, in C^{1,1} open sets D in R^d, of a large class of subordinate Brownian motions with Gaussian components. When D is bounded, our sharp two-sided Dirichlet heat kernel estimates hold for all t>0. Integrating the heat kernel estimates with respect to the time variable t, we obtain sharp two-sided estimates for the Green functions, in bounded C^{1,1} open sets, of such subordinate Brownian motions with Gaussian components.
Random punctured hyperbolic surfaces & the Brownian sphere
研究按Weil-Petersson测度采样的n+1个穿孔0类随机双曲面Sₙ，证明度量经n⁻¹/⁴缩放后收敛于布朗球面，未缩放时局部收敛于特定无限体积双曲面，通过平面树编码等技术实现。
The aim of this paper is to present the new results concerning some functionals of Brownian motion with drift and present their applications in financial mathematics. We find a probabilistic representation of the Laplace transform of special functional of geometric Brownian motion using the squared Bessel and radial Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes. Knowing the transition density functions of the above we obtain computable formulas for certain expectations of the concerned functional. As an example we find the moments of processes representing an asset price in the lognormal volatility ans Stein m…
In this paper we study a subordinate Brownian motion with a Gaussian component and a rather general discontinuous part. The assumption on the subordinator is that its Laplace exponent is a complete Bernstein function with a Lévy density satisfying a certain growth condition near zero. The main result is a boundary Harnack principle with explicit boundary decay rate for non-negative harmonic functions of the process in $C^{1,1}$ open sets. As a consequence of the boundary Harnack principle, we establish sharp two-sided estimates on the Green function of the subordinate Brownian motion in any bo…
This is the second part of our survey on exponential functionals of Brownian motion. We focus on the applications of the results about the distributions of the exponential functionals, which have been discussed in the first part. Pricing formula for call options for the Asian options, explicit expressions for the heat kernels on hyperbolic spaces, diffusion processes in random environments and extensions of Lévy's and Pitman's theorems are discussed.
Let X^μ={X_t^μ;t>=0}, μ>0, be the n-dimensional hyperbolic Brownian motion with drift, that is a diffusion on the real hyperbolic space H^n having the Laplace-Beltrami operator with drift as its generator. We prove the reflection principle for X^μ, which enables us to study the process X^μkilled when exiting the hyperbolic half-space, that is the set D={x\in H^n: x_1>0}. We provide formulae, uniform estimates and describe asymptotic behavior of the Green function and the Poisson kernel of D for the process X^μ. Finally, we derive formula for the lambda-Poisson kernel of the set D.
In this paper we introduce and study Brownian motion on state spaces with varying dimension. Starting with a concrete case of such state spaces that models a big square with a flag pole, we construct a Brownian motion on it and study how heat propagates on such a space. We derive sharp two-sided global estimates on its transition density functions (also called heat kernel). These two-sided estimates are of Gaussian type, but the measure on the underlying state space does not satisfy volume doubling property. Parabolic Harnack inequality fails for such a process. Nevertheless, we show Holder re…
A diffusion spider is a strong Markov process with continuous paths taking values on a graph with one vertex and a finite number of edges (of infinite length). An example is Walsh's Brownian spider where the process on each edge behaves as Brownian motion. We calculate the density of the resolvent kernel in terms of the characteristics of the underlying diffusion. Excessive functions are studied via the Martin boundary theory. The main result is an explicit expression for the representing measure of a given excessive function. These results are used to solve optimal stopping problems for diffu…
In this article we study transition probabilities of a class of subordinate Brownian motions. Under mild assumptions on the Laplace exponent of the corresponding subordinator, sharp two sided estimates of the transition probability are established. This approach, in particular, covers subordinators with Laplace exponents that vary regularly at infinity with index one, e.g. \[ ϕ(λ)=\fracλ{\log(1+λ)}-1 \quad \text{ or }\quad ϕ(λ)=\fracλ{\log(1+λ^{β/2})},\ β\in (0,2)\, \] that correspond to subordinate Brownian motions with scaling order that is not necessarily strictly between 0 and 2. These est…
Regularity of Weighted Tensorized Fractional Brownian Fields and associated function spaces
本文研究新型自相似高斯场 WTFBS 的局部正则性，并提出加权张量化 Besov 空间，借助 Littlewood-Paley 理论与双曲小波分析刻画其函数空间结构。
Martin boundary of a space-time Brownian motion with drift killed at the boundary of a moving cone
本文研究了在运动锥边界消亡的带漂移时空布朗运动，利用解析方法和递归补偿方法确定了其抛物线Martin边界、调和函数、逃逸概率及转移核显式公式。
We obtain upper bounds for the rates of convergence for the simple random walk Green's function in the domains $D_α= D_α(n)=\{re^{iθ}\in \mathbb{C}:0 <θ<2π-α, 0<r<2n\}-z_0,$ where $z_0\in\mathbb{Z}^2$ is a point closest to $ne^{i(π-α/2)}$. The rate depends on the angle of the wedge and is what was suggested by the sharpest available results in the extreme cases $α=0$ and $α=π$. Our proof uses the KMT coupling between random walk and Brownian motion.
Let $τ$ be the first hitting time of the point 1 by the geometric Brownian motion $X(t)= x \exp(B(t)-2μt)$ with drift $μ\geq 0$ starting from $x>1$. Here $B(t)$ is the Brownian motion starting from 0 with $E^0 B^2(t) = 2t$. We provide an integral formula for the density function of the stopped exponential functional $A(τ)=\int_0^τX^2(t) dt$ and determine its asymptotic behaviour at infinity. Although we basically rely on methods developed in \cite{BGS}, the present paper also covers the case of arbitrary drifts $μ\geq 0$ and provides a significant unification and extension of results of the ab…
We show that Sine$_β$, the bulk limit of the Gaussian $β$-ensembles is the spectrum of a self-adjoint random differential operator \[ f\to 2 {R_t^{-1}} \left[ \begin{array}{cc} 0 &-\tfrac{d}{dt} \tfrac{d}{dt} &0 \end{array} \right] f, \qquad f:[0,1)\to \mathbb R^2, \] where $R_t$ is the positive definite matrix representation of hyperbolic Brownian motion with variance $4/β$ in logarithmic time. The result connects the Montgomery-Dyson conjecture about the Sine$_2$ process and the non-trivial zeros of the Riemann zeta function, the Hilbert-Pólya conjecture and de Brange's attempt to prove the …
The signature of a path γis a sequence whose n-th term is the order-n iterated integrals of γ. It arises from solving multidimensional linear differential equations driven by γ. We are interested in relating the path properties of γwith its signature. If γis C^{1}, then an elegant formula of Hambly and Lyons relates the length of γto the tail asymptotics of the signature. We show an analogous formula for the multidimensional Brownian motion, with the quadratic variation playing a similar role to the length. In the proof, we study the hyperbolic development of Brownian motion and also obtain a …
Persistence probabilities of fractional Lévy fields indexed by hyperbolic space and other Riemannian manifolds
该研究计算了双曲分数Lévy场的持续指数，利用其与欧氏空间、球面对应结果的一致性，通过局部比较论证拓展至一大类黎曼流形索引的分数Lévy场的持续性研究。
Many properties of Brownian motion on spaces with varying dimension (BMVD in abbreviation) have been explored in [5]. In this paper, we study Brownian motion with drift on spaces with varying dimension (BMVD with drift in abbreviation). Such a process can be conveniently defined by a regular Dirichlet form that is not necessarily symmetric. The drift term is in some type of $L^{p}$ space with $p$ depending on the region of the state space. We show BMVD with drift can be related to a BMVD without drift via Girsanov transform. Through the method of Duhamel's principle, it is established in this …
This paper features a comparison inequality for the densities of the moment measures of super-Brownian motion. These densities are defined recursively for each $n \ge 1$ in terms of the Poisson and Green's kernels, hence can be analyzed using the techniques of classical potential theory. When $n = 1$, the moment density is equal to the Poisson kernel, and the comparison is simply the classical inequality of Harnack. For $n > 1$ we find that the constant in the comparison inequality grows at most exponentially with $n$. We apply this to a class of $X$-harmonic functions $H^ν$ of super-Brownian …
Let $T_1^{(μ)}$ be the first hitting time of the point 1 by the Bessel process with index $μ\in \R$ starting from $x>1$. Using an integral formula for the density $q_x^{(μ)}(t)$ of $T_1^{(μ)}$, obtained in Byczkowski, Ryznar (Studia Math., 173(1):19-38, 2006), we prove sharp estimates of the density of $T_1^{(μ)}$ which exibit the dependence both on time and space variables. Our result provides optimal estimates for the density of the hitting time of the unit ball by the Brownian motion in $\mathbb{R}^n$, which improve existing bounds. Another application is to provide sharp estimates for the …
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