arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 1407.3231astro-ph.SR
收藏

重新审视太阳黑子数

Revisiting the Sunspot Number

Frédéric Clette, Leif Svalgaard, José M. Vaquero, Edward W. Cliver

摘要:

我们对太阳活动的长期演变及其主要调制(11年周期)的了解,在很大程度上取决于一个直接的观测记录:自天文望远镜发明以来回溯过去4个世纪的可见太阳黑子计数。目前,这种活动指数主要有两种形式:由R。Wolf在1849年提出的群数,以及Hoyt和Schatten(1998 a,b)最近提出的群数。不幸的是,这两个系列在各个方面都不匹配,在用于当代关于太阳发电机或太阳对地球气候的强迫的重要研究时,会引起混乱和矛盾。最近,在一系列专门的太阳黑子数讲习班的框架内,作出了新的努力,以诊断和纠正影响两个太阳黑子系列的缺陷和偏差。在这里,我们提出了我们目前对太阳黑子数校准的理解的全球概述。虽然1800年之前的太阳黑子记录的早期部分仍然具有很大的不确定性,但由于观测周期不佳,最近的太阳黑子数量主要受到三个主要不均匀性的影响:1880-1915年的太阳黑子群数以及1947年和1980-2014年的太阳黑子数。新修正的系列清楚地表明,在蒙德极小期开始之前,太阳活动逐渐下降,而蒙德极小期之后,太阳活动缓慢上升的趋势强烈减弱,这表明到18世纪中叶,太阳活动已经恢复到20世纪最近几个太阳活动周期的水平。最后,我们总结了对太阳黑子数的这一划时代的修订所开辟的未来前景,这是自沃尔夫本人以来的第一次,以及它与群数的和解,这是一个期待已久的现代化,将为21世纪的太阳周期研究提供支持。

英文摘要:

Our knowledge of the long-term evolution of solar activity and of its primary modulation, the 11-year cycle, largely depends on a single direct observational record: the visual sunspot counts that retrace the last 4 centuries, since the invention of the astronomical telescope. Currently, this activity index is available in two main forms: the International Sunspot Number initiated by R. Wolf in 1849 and the Group Number constructed more recently by Hoyt and Schatten (1998a,b). Unfortunately, those two series do not match by various aspects, inducing confusions and contradictions when used in crucial contemporary studies of the solar dynamo or of the solar forcing on the Earth climate. Recently, new efforts have been undertaken to diagnose and correct flaws and biases affecting both sunspot series, in the framework of a series of dedicated Sunspot Number Workshops. Here, we present a global overview of our current understanding of the sunspot number calibration. While the early part of the sunspot record before 1800 is still characterized by large uncertainties due to poorly observed periods, the more recent sunspot numbers are mainly affected by three main inhomogeneities: in 1880-1915 for the Group Number and in 1947 and 1980-2014 for the Sunspot Number. The newly corrected series clearly indicates a progressive decline of solar activity before the onset of the Maunder Minimum, while the slowly rising trend of the activity after the Maunder Minimum is strongly reduced, suggesting that by the mid 18th century, solar activity had already returned to the level of those observed in recent solar cycles in the 20th century. We finally conclude with future prospects opened by this epochal revision of the Sunspot Number, the first one since Wolf himself, and its reconciliation with the Group Number, a long-awaited modernization that will feed solar cycle research into the 21st century.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

↑