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arXiv 1406.2899cond-mat.mtrl-scicond-mat.dis-nn
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动态高压:为什么它使金属流体氢

Dynamic high pressure: Why it makes metallic fluid hydrogen

W. J. Nellis

摘要:

在Wigner和Huntington(WH)于1935年预测金属流体H的存在之后几十年,金属流体H已经通过动态压缩而形成。实验得到的密度与WH预测的密度相差不到百分之几。金属流体H是通过液体H2的多次冲击压缩实现的,该压缩是准等熵的,并且H在具有100 ns寿命的实验中是热平衡的。准等熵意味着压缩是等熵的,但具有足够的温度和熵以在9倍压缩和压力P=140 GPa(1.4 Mbar)下驱动从液体H2到简并流体H的交叉。金属流体是高度简并的:T/TF 0.014,其中温度T=3000 K和费米温度TF = 220,000 K,分别在金属化密度0.64 mol H/cm 3。动态压缩是通过超音速、绝热、非线性流体力学来实现的,其基本思想是在19世纪在欧洲大学发展起来的。今天,动态压缩通常不为科学界所熟悉。本文的目的是提出一个简要的审查(i)动态压缩及其对材料的影响,(ii)的考虑,导致样品架设计专门用于制造金属流体H,和(iii)的动态和静态压缩的相互比较,以制造金属H。

英文摘要:

Metallic fluid H has been made by dynamic compression decades after Wigner and Huntington (WH) predicted its existence in 1935. The density obtained experimentally is within a few percent of the density predicted by WH. Metallic fluid H was achieved by multiple-shock compression of liquid H2, which compression is quasi-isentropic and H is thermally equilibrated in experiments with 100 ns lifetimes. Quasi-isentropic means compressions are isentropic but with sufficient temperature and entropy to drive a crossover from liquid H2 to degenerate fluid H at 9-fold compression and pressure P=140 GPa (1.4 Mbar). The metallic fluid is highly degenerate: T/TF 0.014, where temperature T=3000 K and Fermi temperature TF =220,000 K, respectively, at metallization density 0.64 mol H/cm3. Dynamic compression is achieved by supersonic, adiabatic, nonlinear hydrodynamics, the basic ideas of which were developed in the Nineteenth Century in European universities. Today dynamic compression is generally unfamiliar to the scientific community. The purposes of this paper are to present a brief review of (i) dynamic compression and its affects on materials, (ii) considerations that led to the sample holder designed specifically to make metallic fluid H, and (iii) an inter-comparison of dynamic and static compression with respect to making metallic H.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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