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arXiv 1401.2803astro-ph.HE
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超相对论激波下激波加速宇宙射线的最大能量

On the maximum energy of shock-accelerated cosmic rays at ultra-relativistic shocks

B. Reville, A. R. Bell

摘要:

本文研究了宇宙射线在弱磁化超相对论冲击波中的最大加速能量。我们表明,对于这样的冲击,其中的高能粒子的散射介导的离子集肤深度尺度结构,可以预期的韦伯介导的冲击,有一个内在的限制,粒子可以被加速的最大能量。这个最大能量是由粒子在下游等离子体框架中必须各向同性的要求确定的,在平均场将它们输送到下游很远的地方之前,这个最大能量大大低于产生超高能量宇宙射线所需的能量。为了绕过这个限制,需要在更大的尺度上有一个高度无序的场。宇宙射线引起的波长上的不稳定性的增长远远长于离子等离子体趋肤深度,上游和下游的冲击,被认为是。虽然这些不稳定性可能在相对论冲击的磁场放大中发挥重要作用,但在与最高能粒子的回旋半径相当的尺度上,计算出的增长率没有足够的时间来修改散射。由于强修正是下游区域粒子重新穿过激波的必要条件,在没有替代散射机制的情况下,这些结果意味着排除了加速到更高能量的可能性。如果弱磁化的超相对论激波一般不被认为是高能粒子加速器,那么寻找超高能宇宙射线的潜在来源就可以缩小。

英文摘要:

The maximum energy to which cosmic rays can be accelerated at weakly-magnetised ultra-relativistic shocks is investigated. We demonstrate that for such shocks, in which the scattering of energetic particles is mediated exclusively by ion skin-depth scale structures, as might be expected for a Weibel-mediated shock, there is an intrinsic limit on the maximum energy to which particles can be accelerated. This maximum energy is determined from the requirement that particles must be isotropised in the downstream plasma frame before the mean field transports them far downstream, and falls considerably short of what is required to produce ultra-high-energy cosmic rays. To circumvent this limit, a highly disorganised field is required on larger scales. The growth of cosmic-ray induced instabilities on wavelengths much longer than the ion-plasma skin depth, both upstream and downstream of the shock, is considered. While these instabilities may play an important role in magnetic field amplification at relativistic shocks, on scales comparable to the gyroradius of the most energetic particles, the calculated growth-rates have insufficient time to modify the scattering. Since strong modification is a necessary condition for particles in the downstream region to re-cross the shock, in the absence of an alternative scattering mechanism, these results imply that acceleration to higher energies is ruled out. If weakly-magnetised ultra-relativistic shocks are disfavoured as high energy particle accelerators in general, the search for potential sources of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays can be narrowed.

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