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arXiv 1102.3109astro-ph.HE
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平面激波加速非热电子的能谱

Energy Spectrum Of Nonthermal Electrons Accelerated At A Plane Shock

Hyesung Kang

摘要:

利用时间相关的扩散激波加速(DSA)模拟方法,计算了在准平行磁场作用下,平面激波中宇宙线质子和电子的能谱,包括同步辐射和逆康普顿散射引起的能量损失。采用热漏注入模型和玻姆型扩散系数。当DSA能量增益与同步加速器/IC能量损失相平衡后,激波处的电子能谱趋于稳定,并在平衡动量p_{eq}处截止。在激波后区,由于能量损失,电子能谱的截止动量随离激波的距离而减小,电子空间分布的厚度与p^{-1}成正比。因此,当p_{br} <p< p_{eq}时,下游积分谱的斜率变陡一个p的幂,其中破裂动量随冲击年龄减小,公式为p_{br} \propto t^{-1}。在CR修正激波中,质子和电子能谱都呈现出凹曲率,偏离正则试验粒子幂律,在截止动量附近,上游积分电子能谱可能优于下游积分电子能谱。因此,X射线同步辐射截止附近的光谱形状可以揭示非线性DSA的特征。

英文摘要:

We calculate the energy spectra of cosmic ray (CR) protons and electrons at a plane shock with quasi-parallel magnetic fields, using time-dependent, diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) simulations, including energy losses via synchrotron emission and Inverse Compton (IC) scattering. A thermal leakage injection model and a Bohm type diffusion coefficient are adopted. The electron spectrum at the shock becomes steady after the DSA energy gains balance the synchrotron/IC losses, and it cuts off at the equilibrium momentum p_{eq}. In the postshock region the cutoff momentum of the electron spectrum decreases with the distance from the shock due to the energy losses and the thickness of the spatial distribution of electrons scales as p^{-1}. Thus the slope of the downstream integrated spectrum steepens by one power of p for p_{br}<p<p_{eq}, where the break momentum decrease with the shock age as p_{br}\propto t^{-1}. In a CR modified shock, both the proton and electron spectrum exhibit a concave curvature and deviate from the canonical test-particle power-law, and the upstream integrated electron spectrum could dominate over the downstream integrated spectrum near the cutoff momentum. Thus the spectral shape near the cutoff of X-ray synchrotron emission could reveal a signature of nonlinear DSA.

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