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arXiv 1910.02429astro-ph.HE
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星系团中由团内冲击加速的Cosmic-Ray质子引起的Gamma-ray和中微子辐射

Gamma-ray and Neutrino Emissions due to Cosmic-Ray Protons Accelerated at Intracluster Shocks in Galaxy Clusters

Ji-Hoon Ha, Dongsu Ryu, Hyesung Kang

摘要:

利用宇宙学结构形成模拟研究了星系团中无碰撞冲击加速的宇宙线质子。我们发现,在模拟团簇维里半径范围内的团簇内介质(ICM)中,只有$\sim7$ %的激波动能通量被期望加速CRp的激波耗散,即具有音速马赫数$M_s\ge2.25$的超临界准平行($Q_\parallel$)激波.其余的耗散在亚临界冲击和准垂直冲击,这两个可能不会加速CRp。采用Ryu等人(2019)最近提出的扩散冲击加速(DSA)模型,我们量化了模拟集群中CRp的DSA。在$\sim(1-2)\times10^{-4}$中评估通过DSA转移到CRp的冲击动能的平均分数。我们还研究了通过再加速的CRp通过使用一个模型的基础上的测试粒子的解决方案。假设ICM等离子体在宇宙历史中平均经历三次激波,而CRp仅在超临界$Q_\parallel$ -激波处被再加速,则CRp谱的斜率增加了$\sim0.05-0.1$,CRp的总能量从再加速处增加了$\sim40-80$ %.然后,我们估计扩散$γ$ -射线和中微子的排放量,导致CRp和热质子之间的非弹性碰撞。预测的$γ$ -射线辐射模拟集群位于大多数低于上限所设置的费米-LAT观察到的集群。流向附近星系团的中微子通量将是冰立方通量的$\lesssim10^{-4}$($E_ν=1$ PeV)和大气中微子通量的$\lesssim10^{-6}$($E_ν\leq1$ TeV)。

英文摘要:

We examine the cosmic-ray protons (CRp) accelerated at collisionless shocks in galaxy clusters using cosmological structure formation simulations. We find that in the intracluster medium (ICM) within the virial radius of simulated clusters, only $\sim7$\% of shock kinetic energy flux is dissipated by the shocks that are expected to accelerate CRp, that is, supercritical, quasi-parallel ($Q_\parallel$) shocks with sonic Mach number $M_s\ge2.25$. The rest is dissipated at subcritical shocks and quasi-perpendicular shocks, both of which may not accelerate CRp. Adopting the diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) model recently presented in Ryu et al. (2019), we quantify the DSA of CRp in simulated clusters. The average fraction of the shock kinetic energy transferred to CRp via DSA is assessed at $\sim(1-2)\times10^{-4}$. We also examine the energization of CRp through reacceleration using a model based on the test-particle solution. Assuming that the ICM plasma passes through shocks three times on average through the history of the universe and that CRp are reaccelerated only at supercritical $Q_\parallel$-shocks, the CRp spectrum flattens by $\sim0.05-0.1$ in slope and the total amount of CRp energy increases by $\sim40-80$\% from reacceleration. We then estimate diffuse $γ$-ray and neutrino emissions, resulting from inelastic collisions between CRp and thermal protons. The predicted $γ$-ray emissions from simulated clusters lie mostly below the upper limits set by Fermi-LAT for observed clusters. The neutrino fluxes towards nearby clusters would be $\lesssim10^{-4}$ of the IceCube flux at $E_ν=1$ PeV and $\lesssim10^{-6}$ of the atmospheric neutrino flux in the energy range of $E_ν\leq1$ TeV.

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