超新星激波早期加速的PeV宇宙射线产生的100 TeV伽马射线的可探测性
Detectability of 100 TeV Gamma Rays from PeV Cosmic Rays Accelerated in the Early Phase of a Supernova Shock Wave
- Nagoya University(名古屋大学)
- Konan University(神户学院大学)
- Université Montpellier, CNRS/IN2P3(蒙彼利埃大学,法国国家科学研究中心/欧洲核子研究组织)
机构由 AI 辅助整理,请以论文原文为准。
AI总结:
本文通过计算II-P型超新星早期激波穿越致密星周物质时产生的100 TeV伽马射线通量,评估了CTA望远镜探测PeV宇宙射线加速的可行性,发现对邻近超新星进行50小时观测可探测至约4 Mpc距离。
AI中文摘要:
银河系宇宙射线被认为是通过超新星遗迹中的扩散激波加速产生的,但对年龄约100-1000年的超新星遗迹的观测表明,其最大宇宙射线能量低于PeV量级。最近,Inoue等人(2021)通过动力学磁流体动力学模拟表明,当爆炸后数十天内爆炸波激波穿过致密的星周物质(CSM)时,宇宙射线可以被加速到约3 PeV。这种CSM可以由红超巨星(RSG)风产生,其观测上合理的质量损失率约为10^-3 Ms/yr。来自中性π介子衰变的100 TeV伽马射线可以检验PeV宇宙射线加速。然而,来自非常年轻的超新星遗迹的强子伽马射线可能会被超新星光球层光子和宇宙背景辐射显著衰减。利用Inoue等人(2021)的宇宙射线分布函数和CSM密度分布,我们计算了II-P型超新星的时间相关伽马射线通量,包括上述两种衰减过程。我们发现光球层光子会将固有的1-100 TeV伽马射线通量衰减约一个数量级。对于致密CSM情形,即RSG质量损失率约为10^-3 Ms/yr且CSM外半径约为3x10^15 cm时,CTA可以通过50小时观测探测到约4 Mpc距离处的100 TeV伽马射线(如果CSM的空间范围缩小到2x10^15 cm,则探测距离降至3 Mpc)。这些结果表明,对邻近II-P型超新星的早期100 TeV观测可以探测足够致密且延展的CSM中的PeV宇宙射线加速。
英文摘要:
Galactic cosmic rays (CRs) are thought to be accelerated by diffusive shock acceleration in supernova remnants (SNRs), but observations of SNRs aged ~100-1000 yr suggest maximum CR energies below the PeV level. Recently, Inoue et al. (2021) showed with kinetic-MHD simulations that CRs can be accelerated to ~3 PeV when a blast wave shock propagates through dense circumstellar material (CSM) within tens of days after explosion. Such CSM can be produced by a red-supergiant (RSG) wind with an observationally motivated mass-loss rate of ~10^-3 Ms/yr. 100 TeV gamma-rays from neutral pion decay can test PeV CR acceleration. However, hadronic gamma-rays from very young SNRs can be significantly attenuated by supernova photospheric photons and the cosmic background radiation. Using the CR distribution functions and CSM density profiles from Inoue et al. (2021), we calculate time-dependent gamma-ray fluxes from Type II-P SNe, including both attenuation processes. We find that photospheric photons attenuate the intrinsic 1-100 TeV gamma-ray flux by about one order of magnitude. For the dense CSM case with dot{M}_RSG ~ 10^-3 Ms/yr and an outer CSM radius of ~ 3x10^15 cm, CTA can detect 100 TeV gamma-rays with a 50 h observation out to ~ 4 Mpc (this is reduced to 3 Mpc if the spatial extent of the CSM is shrunk to 2x10^15 cm). These results suggest that early 100 TeV observations of nearby Type II-P SNe can probe PeV CR acceleration in sufficiently dense and extended CSM.