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arXiv 0903.2944astro-ph.HE
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超新星SN 1993 J宇宙射线的射电辐射和非线性扩散激波加速

Radio emission and nonlinear diffusive shock acceleration of cosmic rays in the supernova SN 1993J

Vincent Tatischeff

摘要:

超新星SN 1993 J在无线电波段的广泛观测使其成为研究超新星激波中粒子加速的独特目标。为了描述无线电同步辐射,我们使用一个模型,耦合半解析描述的非线性扩散冲击加速与自相似的解决方案的流体动力学的超新星膨胀。同步辐射是由相对论电子在激波后等离子体中传播产生的,由包含同步辐射自吸收过程的辐射转移计算得到。应用该模型解释了高分辨率VLBI成像观测的射电辐射形态和6个频率的总通量密度随时间的演化。光变曲线和无线电发射的形态都表明,爆炸后不久,爆炸波区域的磁场被强烈放大,这可能是通过在冲击波前兆中操作的宇宙射线流不稳定性的非共振机制。湍流磁场在激波后没有衰减,而是被下游区域的等离子体流携带。宇宙射线质子是由爆炸波的扩散冲击加速有效地产生的。我们发现,在爆炸后的第一个~8.5年,约19%的总能量处理的前向冲击波被转换为宇宙射线能量。然而,激波仍然受到宇宙射线压力的微弱影响。高磁场放大意味着质子被迅速加速到远高于1 PeV的能量。从这颗超新星获得的结果支持了这样一种假设,即大质量恒星爆炸成它们以前的恒星风是高能银河宇宙射线的主要来源。

英文摘要:

The extensive observations of the supernova SN 1993J at radio wavelengths make this object a unique target for the study of particle acceleration in a supernova shock. To describe the radio synchrotron emission we use a model that couples a semianalytic description of nonlinear diffusive shock acceleration with self-similar solutions for the hydrodynamics of the supernova expansion. The synchrotron emission, which is assumed to be produced by relativistic electrons propagating in the postshock plasma, is worked out from radiative transfer calculations that include the process of synchrotron self-absorption. The model is applied to explain the morphology of the radio emission deduced from high-resolution VLBI imaging observations and the measured time evolution of the total flux density at six frequencies. Both the light curves and the morphology of the radio emission indicate that the magnetic field was strongly amplified in the blast wave region shortly after the explosion, possibly via the nonresonant regime of the cosmic-ray streaming instability operating in the shock precursor. The turbulent magnetic field was not damped behind the shock but carried along by the plasma flow in the downstream region. Cosmic-ray protons were efficiently produced by diffusive shock acceleration at the blast wave. We find that during the first ~8.5 years after the explosion, about 19% of the total energy processed by the forward shock was converted to cosmic-ray energy. However, the shock remained weakly modified by the cosmic-ray pressure. The high magnetic field amplification implies that protons were rapidly accelerated to energies well above 1 PeV. The results obtained for this supernova support the scenario that massive stars exploding into their former stellar wind are a major source of high-energy Galactic cosmic rays.

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