We study semigroup C*-algebras of $ax+b$-semigroups over integral domains. The goal is to generalize several results about C*-algebras of $ax+b$-semigroups over rings of algebraic integers. We prove results concerning K-theory and structural properties like the ideal structure or pure infiniteness. Our methods allow us to treat $ax+b$-semigroups over a large class of integral domains containing all noetherian, integrally closed domains and coordinate rings of affine varieties over infinite fields.
We realize Kellendonk'?s C*-algebra of an aperiodic tiling as the tight C*-algebra of the inverse semigroup associated to the tiling, thus providing further evidence that the tight C*-algebra is a good candidate to be the natural associative algebra to go along with an inverse semigroup.
We study C*-algebras associated to right LCM semigroups, that is, semigroups which are left cancellative and for which any two principal right ideals are either disjoint or intersect in another principal right ideal. If $P$ is such a semigroup, its C*-algebra admits a natural boundary quotient $\mathcal{Q}(P)$. We show that $\mathcal{Q}(P)$ is isomorphic to the tight C*-algebra of a certain inverse semigroup associated to $P$, and thus is isomorphic to the C*-algebra of an étale groupoid. We use this to give conditions on $P$ which guarantee that $\mathcal{Q}(P)$ is simple and purely infinite,…
In this paper we give some sufficient and some necessary conditions for an étale groupoid algebra to be a prime ring. As an application we recover the known primeness results for inverse semigroup algebras and Leavitt path algebras. It turns out that primeness of the algebra is connected with the dynamical property of topological transitivity of the groupoid. We obtain analogous results for semiprimeness.
In this paper we analyse the structure of the Cuntz semigroup of certain $C(X)$-algebras, for compact spaces of low dimension, that have no $\mathrm{K}_1$-obstruction in their fibres in a strong sense. The techniques developed yield computations of the Cuntz semigroup of some surjective pullbacks of C$^*$-algebras. As a consequence, this allows us to give a complete description, in terms of semigroup valued lower semicontinuous functions, of the Cuntz semigroup of $C(X,A)$, where $A$ is a not necessarily simple C$^*$-algebra of stable rank one and vanishing $\mathrm{K}_1$ for each closed, two …
Inspired by results for graph $C^*$-algebras, we investigate connections between the ideal structure of an inverse semigroup $S$ and that of its tight $C^*$-algebra by relating ideals in $S$ to certain open invariant sets in the associated tight groupoid. We also develop analogues of Conditions (L) and (K) for inverse semigroups, which are related to certain congruences on $S$. We finish with applications to the inverse semigroups of self-similar graph actions and some relevant comments on the authors' earlier uniqueness theorems for inverse semigroups.
Given an action $φ$ of of inverse semigroup $S$ on a ring $A$ (with domain of $φ(s)$ denoted by $D_{s^*}$) we show that if the ideals $D_e$, with $e$ an idempotent, are unital, then the skew inverse semigroup ring $A\rtimes S$ can be realized as the convolution algebra of an ample groupoid with coefficients in a sheaf of rings. Conversely, we show that the convolution algebra of an ample groupoid with coefficients in a sheaf of rings is isomorphic to a skew inverse semigroup ring of this sort. We recover known results in the literature for Steinberg algebras over a field as special cases.
We define a Riesz type interpolation property for the Cuntz semigroup of a $C^*$-algebra and prove it is satisfied by the Cuntz semigroup of every $C^*$-algebra with the ideal property. Related to this, we obtain two characterizations of the ideal property in terms of the Cuntz semigroup of the $C^*$-algebra. Some additional characterizations are proved in the special case of the stable, purely infinite $C^*$-algebras, and two of them are expressed in language of the Cuntz semigroup. We introduce a notion of comparison of positive elements for every unital $C^*$-algebra that has (normalized) q…
Cartan inverse semigroups and twisted Steinberg algebras
University of Sydney（悉尼大学）；Victoria University of Wellington（惠灵顿维多利亚大学）；Queen’s University Belfast（贝尔法斯特女王大学）；MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology（棉兰老国立理工大学）
We generalize some basic C*-algebra and von Neumann algebra theory on hereditary C*-subalgebras and projections. In particular, we extend Murray-von Neumann equivalence from projections to *-annihilators and show that several of its important properties also extend from von Neumann algebras to proper *-semigroups. Furthermore, we show how to obtain *-annihilator decompositions of a proper *-semigroup that correspond to classical von Neumann algebra type decompositions.
We construct reduced and full semigroup C*-algebras for left cancellative semigroups. Our new construction covers particular cases already considered by A. Nica and also Toeplitz algebras attached to rings of integers in number fields due to J. Cuntz. Moreover, we show how (left) amenability of semigroups can be expressed in terms of these semigroup C*-algebras in analogy to the group case.
To each discrete left cancellative semigroup $S$ one may associate a certain inverse semigroup $I_l(S)$, often called the left inverse hull of $S$. We show how the full and the reduced C*-algebras of $I_l(S)$ are related to the full and reduced semigroup C*-algebras for $S$ recently introduced by Xin Li, and give conditions ensuring that these algebras are isomorphic. Our picture provides an enhanced understanding of Li's algebras.
We study C*-algebras associated with subsemigroups of groups. For a large class of such semigroups including positive cones in quasi-lattice ordered groups and left Ore semigroups, we describe the corresponding semigroup C*-algebras as C*-algebras of inverse semigroups, groupoid C*-algebras and full corners in associated group crossed products. These descriptions allow us to characterize nuclearity of semigroup C*-algebras in terms of faithfulness of left regular representations and amenability of group actions. Moreover, we also determine when boundary quotients of semigroup C*-algebras are U…
We introduce the notion of the Fourier and Fouier-Stieltjes algebra of a topological *-semigroup and show that these are commutative Banach algebras. For a class of foundation semigroups, we show that these are preduals of von Neumann algebras.
We give a local characterization for the Cuntz semigroup of AI-algebras building upon Shen's characterization of dimension groups. Using this result, we provide an abstract characterization for the Cuntz semigroup of AI-algebras.
We give a new construction of a C*-algebra from a cancellative semigroup $P$ via partial isometric representations, generalising the construction from the second named author's thesis. We then study our construction in detail for the special case when $P$ is an LCM semigroup. In this case we realize our algebras as inverse semigroup algebras and groupoid algebras, and apply our construction to free semigroups and Zappa-Szép products associated to self-similar groups.
We provide an abstract characterization for the Cuntz semigroup of unital commutative AI-algebras, as well as a characterization for abstract Cuntz semigroups of the form $\text{Lsc} (X,\overline{\mathbb{N}})$ for some $T_1$-space $X$. In our investigations, we also uncover new properties that the Cuntz semigroup of all AI-algebras satisfies.
In this paper, we consider the Toeplitz algebra associated to actions of Ore semigroups on $C^{*}$-algebras. In particular, we consider injective and surjective actions of such semigroups. We use the theory of groupoid dynamical systems to represent the Toeplitz algebra as a groupoid crossed product. We also discuss the K-theory of the Toeplitz algebra in some examples. For instance, we show that for the semigroup of positive matrices, the K-theory of the associated Toeplitz algebra vanishes.
We give a new definition of the semigroup C*-algebra of a left cancellative semigroup, which resolves problems of the construction by X. Li. Namely, the new construction is functorial, and the independence of ideals in the semigroup does not influence the independence of the generators. It has a group C*-algebra as a natural quotient. The C*-algebra of the old construction is a quotient of the new one. All this applies both to the full and reduced C*-algebras. The construction is based on the universal inverse semigroup generated by a left cancellative semigroup. We apply this approach to conn…
A detailed study of the semigroup $C^\ast$-algebra is presented. This $C^\ast$-algebra appears as a "deformation" of the continuous functions algebra on a compact abelian group. Considering semigroup $C^\ast$-algebras in this framework we construct a compact quantum semigroups category. Then the initial group is a compact subgroup of the new compact quantum semigroup, the natural action of this group is described. The dual space of such $C^\ast$-algebra is endowed with Banach *-algebra structure, which contains the algebra of measures on a compact group. The dense weak Hopf *-algebra is given.…
Certain $*$-semigroups are associated with the universal $C^*$-algebra generated by a partial isometry, which is itself the universal $C^*$-algebra of a $*$-semigroup. A fundamental role for a $*$-structure on a semigroup is emphasized, and ordered and matricially ordered $*$-semigroups are introduced, along with their universal $C^*$-algebras. The universal $C^*$-algebra generated by a partial isometry is isomorphic to a relative Cuntz-Pimsner $C^*$-algebra of a $C^*$-correspondence over the $C^*$-algebra of a matricially ordered $*$-semigroup. One may view the $C^*$-algebra of a partial isom…
Let $K$ be a commutative ring with unit and $S$ an inverse semigroup. We show that the semigroup algebra $KS$ can be described as a convolution algebra of functions on the universal étale groupoid associated to $S$ by Paterson. This result is a simultaneous generalization of the author's earlier work on finite inverse semigroups and Paterson's theorem for the universal $C^*$-algebra. It provides a convenient topological framework for understanding the structure of $KS$, including the center and when it has a unit. In this theory, the role of Gelfand duality is replaced by Stone duality. Using …
For a locally compact Hausdorff semigroup S, the $L^\infty$ representation algebra R(S) was extensively studied by Dunkl and Ramirez. The Fourier-Stieltjes algebra F(S) of a topological semigroup was studied by Lau. The aim of this paper is to investigate these two algebras and study the amenability of them with respect to the structure of S.
We consider a family of Hecke C*-algebras which can be realised as crossed products by semigroups of endomorphisms. We show by dilating representations of the semigroup crossed product that the category of representations of the Hecke algebra is equivalent to the category of continuous unitary representations of a totally disconnected locally compact group.
We calculate the Cuntz semigroup of the tensor product A with A. We restrict our attention to C*-algebras A which are unital, simple, nuclear, stably finite, have stable rank one, absorbs the Jiang-Su algebra tensorially and satisfy the UCT.
This paper argues that the unitary Cuntz semigroup, introduced in [10] and termed Cu$_1$, contains crucial information regarding the classification of non-simple C$^*$-algebras. We exhibit two (non-simple) C$^*$-algebras that agree on their Cuntz semigroups, termed Cu, and their K$_1$-groups and yet disagree at level of their unitary Cuntz semigroups. In the process, we establish that the unitary Cuntz semigroup contains rigorously more information about non-simple C$^*$-algebras than Cu and K$_1$ alone.
For a given inverse semigroup S , we introduce the notion of algebraic crossed product by using a given partial action of S, and we will prove that under some condition it is associative. Also we will introduce the concept of partial semigroup algebra K_{Par}(S) , and we show that the suitable quotient of K_{Par}(S) is a sort of crossed product.
We initiate the study of the internal structure of C*-algebras associated to a left cancellative semigroup in which any two principal right ideals are either disjoint or intersect in another principal right ideal; these are variously called right LCM semigroups or semigroups that satisfy Clifford's condition. Our main findings are results about uniqueness of the full semigroup C*-algebra. We build our analysis upon a rich interaction between the group of units of the semigroup and the family of constructible right ideals. As an application we identify algebraic conditions on S under which C*(S…
An amalgam of inverse semigroups [S,T,U] is full if U contains all of the idempotents of S and T. We show that for a full amalgam [S,T,U], the C*-algebra of the inverse semigroup amaglam of S and T over U is the C*-algebraic amalgam of C*(S) and C*(T) over C*(U). Using this result, we describe certain amalgamated free products of C*-algebras, including finite-dimensional C*-algebras, the Toeplitz algebra, and the Toeplitz C*-algebras of graphs.
We introduce algebraic dynamical systems, which consist of an action of a right LCM semigroup by injective endomorphisms of a group. To each algebraic dynamical system we associate a C*-algebra and describe it as a semigroup C*-algebra. As part of our analysis of these C*-algebras we prove results for right LCM semigroups. More precisely we discuss functoriality of the full semigroup C*-algebra and compute its K-theory for a large class of semigroups. We introduce the notion of a Nica-Toeplitz algebra of a product system over a right LCM semigroup, and show that it provides a useful alternativ…
This paper contains computations of the Cuntz semigroup of separable C*-algebras of the form C_0(X,A), where A is a unital, simple, Z-stable ASH algebra. The computations describe the Cuntz semigroup in terms of Murray-von Neumann semigroups of C(K,A) for compact subsets K of X. In particular, the computation shows that the Elliott invariant is functorially equivalent to the invariant given by the Cuntz semigroup of C(T,A). These results are a contribution towards the goal of using the Cuntz semigroup in the classification of well-behaved non-simple C*-algebras.
We give a complete description of the primitive ideal space of the C*-algebra associated to the ring of integers R in a number field K as considered in a recent paper by Cuntz, Deninger and Laca.
A CP semigroup is a semigroup of normal unit-preserving completely positive maps acting on the algebra B(H) of all operators on a separable Hilbert space H. Such a semigroup has a natural generator L; since the individual maps of the semigroup need not be multiplicative, the domain Dom(L) of L is typically an operator system, but not an algebra. However, we show that the set of all operators A in Dom(L), with the property that both A*A and AA* belong to Dom(L), is a *-algebra, called the domain algebra of the CP semigroup. Using this algebra, it is possible to draw a very close parallel with t…
This paper studies simplicity, primitivity and semiprimitivity of algebras associated to étale groupoids. Applications to inverse semigroup algebras are presented. The results also recover the semiprimitivity of Leavitt path algebras and can be used to recover the known primitivity criterion for Leavitt path algebras.
We construct a weak conditional expectation from the section C*-algebra of a Fell bundle over a unital inverse semigroup to its unit fibre. We use this to define the reduced C*-algebra of the Fell bundle. We study when the reduced C*-algebra for an inverse semigroup action on a groupoid by partial equivalences coincides with the reduced groupoid C*-algebra of the transformation groupoid, giving both positive results and counterexamples.
As a generalization of the free semigroup algebras considered by Davidson and Pitts, and others, the second author and D.W. Kribs initiated a study of reflexive algebras associated with directed graphs. A free semigroupoid algebra L_G is generated by a family of partial isometries, and initial projections, acting on a generalized Fock space spawned from the directed graph G. We show that if the graph is finite then the algebra L_G is hyper-reflexive.
We provide inverse semigroup and groupoid models for the Toeplitz and Cuntz-Krieger algebras of finitely aligned higher-rank graphs. Using these models, we prove a uniqueness theorem for the Cuntz-Krieger algebra.
The study of open quantum systems relies on the notion of unital completely positive semigroups on $C^*$-algebras representing physical systems. The natural generalisation would be to consider the unital completely positive semigroups on operator systems. We show that any continuous unital completely positive semigroup on matricial system can be extended to a semigroup on a finite-dimensional $C^*$-algebra, which is an injective envelope of the matricial system. In case the semigroup is invertible, this extension is unique.
We investigate $C^*$-algebras associated with row-finite topological higher-rank graphs with no source, which are based on product system $C^*$-algebras. We prove the Cuntz-Krieger uniqueness theorem, and provide the condition of simplicity and purely infiniteness of our algebras. We give examples of non-discrete topological higher-rank graphs whose $C^*$-algebras contain Cuntz's $ax+b$-semigroup $C^*$-algebra over $\mathbb{N}$.
In this paper, we show that for unital, separable $C^*$-algebras of stable rank one and real rank zero, the unitary Cuntz semigroup functor and the functor ${\rm K}_*$ are naturallly equivalent. Then we introduce a refinement of the unitary Cuntz semigroup, say the total Cuntz semigroup, which is a new invariant for separable $C^*$-algebras of stable rank one, is a well-defined continuous functor from the category of $C^*$-algebras of stable rank one to the category ${\rm\underline{ Cu}}$. We prove that this new functor and the functor ${\rm \underline{K}}$ are naturallly equivalent for unital…
We prove that the category of abstract Cuntz semigroups is bicomplete. As a consequence, the category admits products and ultraproducts. We further show that the scaled Cuntz semigroup of the (ultra)product of a family of C*-algebras agrees with the (ultra)product of the scaled Cuntz semigroups of the involved C*-algebras. As applications of our results, we compute the non-stable K-Theory of general (ultra)products of C*-algebras and we characterize when ultraproducts are simple. We also give criteria that determine order properties of these objects, such as almost unperforation.
The w*-closed triple semigroup algebra was introduced by Power and the author in [19], where it was proved to be reflexive and to be chiral, in the sense of not being unitarily equivalent to its adjoint algebra. Here an analogous operator norm-closed triple semigroup algebra $A_{ph}^{G+}$ is considered and shown to be a triple semi-crossed product for the action on analytic almost periodic functions by the semigroups of one-sided translations and one-sided dilations. The structure of isometric automorphisms of $A_{ph}^{G+}$ is determined and $A_{ph}^{G+}$ is shown to be chiral with respect to …
Using the Baum-Connes conjecture with coefficients, we develop a K-theory formula for reduced C*-algebras of strongly $0$-$E$-unitary inverse semigroups, or equivalently, for certain reduced partial crossed products. In the case of semigroup C*-algebras, we obtain a generalization of previous K-theory results of Cuntz, Echterhoff and the author without having to assume the Toeplitz condition. As applications, we discuss semigroup C*-algebras of Artin monoids, Baumslag-Solitar monoids, one-relator monoids, C*-algebras generated by right regular representations of semigroups from number theory, …
We show that the dimension of the Cuntz semigroup of a C*-algebra is determined by the dimensions of the Cuntz semigroups of its separable sub-C*-algebras. This allows us to remove separability assumptions from previous results on the dimension of Cuntz semigroups. To obtain these results, we introduce a notion of approximation for abstract Cuntz semigroups that is compatible with the approximation of a C*-algebra by sub-C*-algebras. We show that many properties for Cuntz semigroups are preserved by approximation and satisfy a Löwenheim-Skolem condition.
In this paper, among other things, we study those conditions under which the weighted semigroup algebra $\ell^1(S,ω)$ is a dual Banach algebra with respect to predual $c_0(S)$. Some useful examples, illustrating the results, are also included.
We introduce a notion of covering dimension for Cuntz semigroups of C*-algebras. This dimension is always bounded by the nuclear dimension of the C*-algebra, and for subhomogeneous C*-algebras both dimensions agree. Cuntz semigroups of Z-stable C*-algebras have dimension at most one. Further, the Cuntz semigroup of a simple, Z-stable C*-algebra is zero-dimensional if and only if the C*-algebra has real rank zero or is stably projectionless.
We prove stability theorems in the Cuntz semigroup of a commutative C*-algebra which are analogues of classical stability theorems for topological vector bundles over compact Hausdorff spaces. Several applications to simple unital AH algebras of slow dimension growth are then given: such algebras have strict comparison of positive elements; their Cuntz semigroups are recovered functorially from the Elliott invariant; the lower-semicontinuous dimension functions are dense in the space of all dimension functions, and the latter is a Choquet simplex.
A higher rank numerical semigroup is a positive cone whose seminormalization is isomorphic to the free abelian semigroup. The corresponding nonselfadjoint semigroup algebras are known to provide examples that answer Arveson's Dilation Problem to the negative. Here we show that these algebras share the polydisc as the character space in a canonical way. We subsequently use this feature in order to identify higher rank numerical semigroups from the corresponding nonselfadjoint algebras.
In this note we start the study of whether the reduced C*-algebra of an inverse semigroup is quasi-diagonal, making explicit use of the inner structure of this class of semigroups in order to produce quasi-diagonal approximations. Given a discrete inverse semigroup, we detail the relationship between its isolated subgroups and the quasi-diagonality of its reduced C*-algebra, and prove that such subgroups must be amenable. Moreover, we give a direct characterization of the quasi-diagonality of inverse semigroup whose universal groupoid is minimal. Lastly, we also study the relevance of Green's …
We introduce a new invariant for C*-algebras of stable rank one that merges the Cuntz semigroup information together with the K$_1$-group information. This semigroup, termed the Cu$_1$-semigroup, is constructed as equivalence classes of pairs consisting of a positive element in the stabilization of the given C*-algebra together with a unitary element of the unitization of the hereditary subalgebra generated by the given positive element. We show that the Cu$_1$-semigroup is a well-defined continuous functor from the category of C*-algebras of stable rank one to a suitable codomain category tha…
We show that semigroup C*-algebras attached to ax+b-semigroups over rings of integers determine number fields up to arithmetic equivalence, under the assumption that the number fields have the same number of roots of unity. For finite Galois extensions, this means that the semigroup C*-algebras are isomorphic if and only if the number fields are isomorphic.
A free semigroup algebra S is the weak-operator-closed (non-self-adjoint) operator algebra generated by n isometries with pairwise orthogonal ranges. A unit vector x is said to be wandering for S if the set of images of x under non-commuting words in the generators of S is orthonormal. We establish the following dichotomy: either a free semigroup algebra has a wandering vector, or it is a von Neumann algebra. Consequences include that every free semigroup algebra is reflexive, and that certain free semigroup algebras are hyper-reflexive with a very small hyper-reflexivity constant.
