A class of Gaussian processes generalizing the usual fractional Brownian motion for Hurst indices in (1/2,1) and multifractal Brownian motion introduced in Ralchenko and Shevchenko (Theory Probab Math Stat 80, 2010) and Boufoussi et al. (Bernoulli 16(4), 2010) is presented. Any measurable function assuming values in this interval can now be chosen as a variable Hurst parameter. These processes allow for modeling of phenomena where the regularity properties can change with time either continuously or through jumps, such as in the volatility of a stock or in Internet traffic. Some properties of the sample paths of the new process class, including different types of continuity and long-range dependence, are discussed. It is found that the regularity properties of the Hurst function chosen directly correspond to the regularity properties of the sample paths of the processes. The long-range dependence property of fractional Brownian motion is preserved in the larger process class. As an application, Fokker-Planck-type equations for a time-changed fractional Brownian motion with variable Hurst parameter are found.
We propose some class of statistics suitable for estimation of the Hurst index of the fractional Brownian motion based on the second order increments of an observed discrete trajectory.
In this note we prove an existence and uniqueness result of solution for stochastic Volterra integral equations driven by a fractional Brownian motion with Hurst parameter H > 1/2, showing also that the solution has finite moments. The stochastic integral with respect to the fractional Brownian motion is a pathwise Riemann-Stieltjes integral.
Strongly consistent and asymptotically normal estimators of the Hurst parameter of solutions of stochastic differential equations are proposed. The estimators are based on discrete observations of the underlying processes.
We give a result of stability in law of the local time of the fractional Brownian motion with respect to small perturbations of the Hurst parameter. Concretely, we prove that the law (in the space of continuous functions) of the local time of the fractional Brownian motion with Hurst parameter $H$ converges weakly to that of the local time of $B^{H_0}$, when $H$ tends to $H_0$.
In this study, we develop a new theory of estimating Hurst parame- ter using conic multivariate adaptive regression splines (CMARS) method. We concentrate on the strong solution of stochastic differentional equations (SDEs) driven by fractional Brownian motion (fBm). The superiority of our approach to the others is, it not only estimates the Hurst parameter but also finds spline parameters of the stochastic process in an adaptive way. We examine the performance of our estimations using simulated test data. Keywords: Stochastic differential equations, fractional Brownian motion, Hurst parameter…
We consider a mixed stochastic differential equation driven by possibly dependent fractional Brownian motion and Brownian motion. Under mild regularity assumptions on the coefficients, it is proved that the equation has a unique solution.
We consider stochastic differential equation involving pathwise integral with respect to fractional Brownian motion. The estimates for the Hurst parameter are constructed according to first- and second-order quadratic variations of observed values of the solution. The rate of convergence of these estimates to the true value of a parameter is established.
Given a fractional Brownian motion \,\,$(B_{t}^{H})_{t\geq 0}$,\, with Hurst parameter \,$> 1/2$\,\,we study the properties of all solutions of \,\,: {equation} X_{t}=B_{t}^{H}+\int_0^t X_{u}dμ(u), \;\; 0\leq t\leq 1{equation} A different stochastic calculus is required for the process because it is not a semimartingale.
We show that the distribution of the maximum of the fractional Brownian motion $B^H$ with Hurst parameter $H\to 0$ over an $n$-point set $τ\subset [0,1]$ can be approximated by the normal law with mean $\sqrt{\ln n}$ and variance $1/2$ provided that $n\to \infty$ slowly enough and the points in $τ$ are not too close to each other.
In this article we investigate the controllability for neutral stochastic functional integro-differential equations with finite delay, driven by a fractional Brownian motion with Hurst parameter lesser than $1/2$ in a Hilbert space. We employ the theory of resolvent operators combined with the Banach fixed point theorem to establish sufficient conditions to prove the desired result
Strongly consistent and asymptotic normal estimators of the Hurst index of a stochastic differential equation driven by a fractional Brownian motion are proposed. The estimators are based on discrete observations of the underlying process.
Let $B$ be a fractional Brownian motion with Hurst parameter $H=1/6$. It is known that the symmetric Stratonovich-style Riemann sums for $\int g(B(s))\,dB(s)$ do not, in general, converge in probability. We show, however, that they do converge in law in the Skorohod space of càdlàg functions. Moreover, we show that the resulting stochastic integral satisfies a change of variable formula with a correction term that is an ordinary Itô integral with respect to a Brownian motion that is independent of $B$.
We consider the simulation of sample paths of a fractional Brownian motion with small values of the Hurst index and estimate the behavior of the expected maximum. We prove that, for each fixed $N$, the error of approximation $\mathbf {E}\max_{t\in[0,1]}B^H(t)-\mathbf {E}\max_{i=\overline{1,N}}B^H(i/N)$ grows rapidly to $\infty$ as the Hurst index tends to 0.
We find the best approximation of the fractional Brownian motion with the Hurst index $H\in (0,1/2)$ by Gaussian martingales of the form $\int _0^ts^γdW_s$, where $W$ is a Wiener process, $γ>0$.
Using structures of Abstract Wiener Spaces, we define a fractional Brownian field indexed by a product space $(0,1/2] \times L^2(T,m)$, $(T,m)$ a separable measure space, where the first coordinate corresponds to the Hurst parameter of fractional Brownian motion. This field encompasses a large class of existing fractional Brownian processes, such as Lévy fractional Brownian motions and multiparameter fractional Brownian motions, and provides a setup for new ones. We prove that it has satisfactory incremental variance in both coordinates and derive certain continuity and Hölder regularity prope…
We prove a change of variable formula for the 2D fractional Brownian motion of index H bigger of equal to 1/4. For H strictly bigger than 1/4, our formula coincides with that obtained by using the rough paths theory. For H=1/4 (the more interesting case), there is an additional term that is a classical Wiener integral against an independent standard Brownian motion.
We study the existence of a unique solution to semilinear fractional backward doubly stochastic differential equation driven by a Brownian motion and a fractional Brownian motion with Hurst parameter less than 1/2. Here the stochastic integral with respect to the fractional Brownian motion is the extended divergence operator and the one with respect to Brownian motion is Itô's backward integral. For this we use the technique developed by R.Buckdahn to analyze stochastic differential equations on the Wiener space, which is based on the Girsanov theorem and the Malliavin calculus, and we reduce …
Let $B=(B^{(1)},B^{(2)})$ be a two-dimensional fractional Brownian motion with Hurst index $α\in (0,1/4)$. Using an analytic approximation $B(η)$ of $B$ introduced in \cite{Unt08}, we prove that the rescaled Lévy area process $(s,t)\to η^{\half(1-4α)}\int_s^t dB_{t_1}^{(1)}(η) \int_s^{t_1} dB_{t_2}^{(2)}(η)$ converges in law to $W_t-W_s$ where $W$ is a Brownian motion independent from $B$. The method relies on a very general scheme of analysis of singularities of analytic functions, applied to the moments of finite-dimensional distributions of the Lévy area.
In this note, we prove an $L^p$ uniform approximation of the fractional Brownian motion with Hurst exponent $0 < H < \frac{1}{2}$ by means of a family of continuous-time random walks imbedded on a given Brownian motion. The approximation is constructed via a pathwise representation of the fractional Brownian motion in terms of a standard Brownian motion. For an arbitrary choice $ε_k$ for the size of the jumps of the family of random walks, the rate of convergence of the approximation scheme is $O(ε_k^{p(1-2λ)+ 2(δ-1)})$ whenever $\max\{0,1-\frac{pH}{2}\}< δ< 1$, $λ\in \big(\frac{1-H}{2}, \frac…
We first state a special type of Itô formula involving stochastic integrals of both standard and fractional Brownian motions. Then we use Doss-Sussman transformation to establish the link between backward doubly stochastic differential equations, driven by both standard and fractional Brownian motions, and backward stochastic differential equations, driven only by standard Brownian motions. Following the same technique, we further study associated nonlinear stochastic partial differential equations driven by fractional Brownian motions and partial differential equations with stochastic coeffic…
The main tool for stochastic calculus with respect to a multidimensional process $B$ with small Hölder regularity index is rough path theory. Once $B$ has been lifted to a rough path, a stochastic calculus -- as well as solutions to stochastic differential equations driven by $B$ -- follow by standard arguments. Although such a lift has been proved to exist by abstract arguments \cite{LyoVic07}, a first general, explicit construction has been proposed in \cite{Unt09,Unt09bis} under the name of Fourier normal ordering. The purpose of this short note is to convey the main ideas of the Fourier no…
We study some estimators of the Hurst index and the diffusion coefficient of the fractional Gompertz diffusion process and prove that they are strongly consistent and most of them are asymptotically normal. Moreover, we compare the asymptotic behavior of these estimators with the aid of computer simulations.
In this paper, we study the $\frac{1}{H}$-variation of stochastic divergence integrals $X_t = \int_0^t u_s δB_s$ with respect to a fractional Brownian motion $B$ with Hurst parameter $H < \frac{1}{2}$. Under suitable assumptions on the process u, we prove that the $\frac{1}{H}$-variation of $X$ exists in $L^1(Ω)$ and is equal to $e_H \int_0^T|u_s|^H ds$, where $e_H = \mathbb{E}|B_1|^H$. In the second part of the paper, we establish an integral representation for the fractional Bessel Process $\|B_t\|$, where $B_t$ is a $d$-dimensional fractional Brownian motion with Hurst parameter $H < \frac{…
In this short note, we show how to use concentration inequalities in order to build exact confidence intervals for the Hurst parameter associated with a one-dimensional fractional Brownian motion
In this note, we investigate the continuity in law with respect to the Hurst index of the exponential functional of the fractional Brownian motion. Based on the techniques of Malliavin's calculus, we provide an explicit bound on the Kolmogorov distance between two functionals with different Hurst indexes.
Let $B=(B_1(t),\ldots,B_d(t))$ be a $d$-dimensional fractional Brownian motion with Hurst index $α<1/4$. Defining properly iterated integrals of $B$ is a difficult task because of the low Hölder regularity index of its paths. Yet rough path theory shows it is the key to the construction of a stochastic calculus with respect to $B$, or to solving differential equations driven by $B$. We show in this paper how to obtain second-order iterated integrals as the limit when the ultra-violet cut-off goes to infinity of iterated integrals of weakly interacting fields defined using the tools of construc…
Rough volatility models are becoming increasingly popular in quantitative finance. In this framework, one considers that the behavior of the log-volatility process of a financial asset is close to that of a fractional Brownian motion with Hurst parameter around 0.1. Motivated by this, we wish to define a natural and relevant limit for the fractional Brownian motion when $H$ goes to zero. We show that once properly normalized, the fractional Brownian motion converges to a Gaussian random distribution which is very close to a log-correlated random field.
In this article, we consider the quasi-linear stochastic wave and heat equations on the real line and with an additive Gaussian noise which is white in time and behaves in space like a fractional Brownian motion with Hurst index $H\in (0,1)$. The drift term is assumed to be globally Lipschitz. We prove that the solution of each of the above equations is continuous in terms of the index $H$, with respect to the convergence in law in the space of continuous functions.
This paper is devoted to the study of the properties of entropy as a function of the Hurst index, which corresponds to the fractional Gaussian noise. Since the entropy of the Gaussian vector depends on the determinant of the covariance matrix, and the behavior of this determinant as a function of the Hurst index is rather difficult to study analytically at high dimensions, we also consider simple alternative entropy functionals, whose behavior, on the one hand, mimics the behavior of entropy and, on the other hand, is not difficult to study. Asymptotic behavior of the normalized entropy (so ca…
We consider the problem of Hurst index estimation for solutions of stochastic differential equations driven by an additive fractional Brownian motion. Using techniques of the Malliavin calculus, we analyze the asymptotic behavior of the quadratic variations of the solution, defined via higher order increments. Then we apply our results to construct and study estimators for the Hurst index.
In this article, we consider the one-dimensional stochastic wave and heat equations driven by a linear multiplicative Gaussian noise which is white in time and behaves in space like a fractional Brownian motion with Hurst index $H\in (\frac 14,1)$. We prove that the solution of each of the above equations is continuous in terms of the index $H$, with respect to the convergence in law in the space of continuous functions. The proof is based on a tightness criterion on the plane and Malliavin calculus techniques in order to identify the limit law.
For an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process driven by a fractional Brownian motion with Hurst parameter 0<H<1/2, one shows the Berry-Esséen bound of the least squares estimator of the drift parameter. Thus, a problem left in the previous paper (Chen, Kuang and Li in Stochastics and Dynamics, 2019+) is solved, where the Berry-Esséen bound of the least squares estimator is proved for 1/2<=H<=3/4. An approach based on Malliavin calculus given by Kim and Park \cite{kim 3} is used
Let $B^H$ be a fractional Brownian motion with Hurst index $0<H<1/2$. In this paper we study the {\it generalized quadratic covariation} $[f(B^H),B^H]^{(W)}$ defined by $$ [f(B^H),B^H]^{(W)}_t=\lim_{ε\downarrow 0}\frac{2H}{ε^{2H}}\int_0^t\{f(B^{H}_{s+ε})-f(B^{H}_s)\}(B^{H}_{s+ε}- B^{H}_s)s^{2H-1}ds, $$ where the limit is uniform in probability and $x\mapsto f(x)$ is a deterministic function. We construct a Banach space ${\mathscr H}$ of measurable functions such that the generalized quadratic covariation exists in $L^2$ and the Bouleau-Yor identity takes the form $$ [f(B^H),B^H]_t^{(W)}=-\int_…
The aim of this paper is to prove an analogue of Baxter's inequality for fractional Brownian motion-type processes with Hurst index less than 1/2. This inequality is concerned with the norm estimate of the difference between finite- and infinite-past predictor coefficients.
This paper studies the existence and uniqueness of solution of Itô type stochastic differential equation $dx(t)=b(t, x(t), \om)dt+\si(t,x(t), \om) d B(t)$, where $B(t)$ is a fractional Brownian motion of Hurst parameter $H>1/2$ and $dB(t)$ is the Itô differential defined by using Wick product or divergence operator. The coefficients $b$ and $\si$ are random and can be anticipative. Using the relationship between the Itô type and pathwise integrals we first write the equation as a stochastic differential equation involving pathwise integral plus a Malliavin derivative term. To handle this Malli…
In this paper, we consider a complex-valued d-dimensional fractional Brownian motion defined on the closure of the complex upper half-plane, called analytic fractional Brownian motion. This process has been introduced by the second author of the article, and both its real and imaginary parts, restricted on the real axis, are usual fractional Brownian motions. The current note is devoted to prove that a rough path based on the analytic fBm can be constructed for any value of the Hurst parameter in (0,1/2). This allows in particular to solve differential equations driven by this process in a nei…
We consider Langevin equation involving fractional Brownian motion with Hurst index $H\in(0,\frac12)$. Its solution is the fractional Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process and with unknown drift parameter $θ$. We construct the estimator that is similar in form to maximum likelihood estimator for Langevin equation with standard Brownian motion. Observations are discrete in time. It is assumed that the interval between observations is $n^{-1}$, i.e. tends to zero (high frequency data) and the number of observations increases to infinity as $n^m$ with $m>1$. It is proved that for positive $θ$ the estimator …
The geometry of the multifractional Brownian motion (mBm) is known to present a complex and surprising form when the Hurst function is greatly irregular. Nevertheless, most of the literature devoted to the subject considers sufficiently smooth cases which lead to sample paths locally similar to a fractional Brownian motion (fBm). The main goal of this paper is therefore to extend these results to a more general frame and consider any type of continuous Hurst function. More specifically, we mainly focus on obtaining a complete characterization of the pointwise Hölder regularity of the sample pa…
We investigate here the Central Limit Theorem of the Increment Ratio Statistic of a multifractional Brownian motion, leading to a CLT for the time varying Hurst index. The proofs are quite simple relying on Breuer-Major theorems and an original freezing of time strategy. A simulation study shows the goodness of fit of this estimator.
We study sufficient conditions which ensure that the probability measures generated by two bifractional Brownian motions on an interval [0,1] are singular with respect to each other and sufficient conditions for the probability measures generated by two trifractional Brownian motions on an interval [0,1] are singular with respect to each other.
Fourier normal ordering \cite{Unt09bis} is a new algorithm to construct explicit rough paths over arbitrary Hölder-continuous multidimensional paths. We apply in this article the Fourier normal ordering ordering algorithm to the construction of an explicit rough path over multi-dimensional fractional Brownian motion $B$ with arbitrary Hurst index $α$ (in particular, for $α\le 1/4$, which was till now an open problem) by regularizing the iterated integrals of the analytic approximation of $B$ defined in \cite{Unt08}. The regularization procedure is applied to 'Fourier normal ordered' iterated i…
We provide a device, called the local predictor, which extends the idea of the predictable compensator. It is shown that a fBm with the Hurst index greater than 1/2 coincides with its local predictor while fBm with the Hurst index smaller than 1/2 does not admit any local predictor. The local predictor of a martingale (in particular: Brownian motion) trivially exists and equals 0.
In this paper we use the chaos decomposition approach to establish the existence of a unique continuous solution to linear fractional differential equations of the Skorohod type. Here the coefficients are deterministic, the inital condition is anticipating and the underlying fractional Brownian motion has Hurst parameter less than 1/2. We provide an explicit expression for the chaos decomposition of the solution in order to show our results.
In this paper the fractional Cox-Ingersoll-Ross process on $\mathbb{R}_+$ for $H<1/2$ is defined as a square of a pointwise limit of the processes $Y_{\varepsilon}$, satisfying the SDE of the form $d Y_{\varepsilon}(t)=( \frac{k}{ Y_{\varepsilon}(t)\mathbb{1}_{\{ Y_{\varepsilon}(t)>0\}}+\varepsilon}-a Y_{\varepsilon}(t))dt+σdB^H(t)$, as $\varepsilon\downarrow0$. Properties of such limit process are considered. SDE for both the limit process and the fractional Cox-Ingersoll-Ross process are obtained.
We study the asymptotic expansions with respect to $h$ of \[\mathrm{E}[Δ_hf(X_t)],\qquad \mathrm{E}[Δ_hf(X_t)|\mathscr{F}^X_t]\quadand\quad \mathrm{E}[Δ_hf(X_t)|X_t],\] where $Δ_hf(X_t)=f(X_{t+h})-f(X_t)$, when $f:\mathbb {R}\to\mathbb{R}$ is a smooth real function, $t\geq0$ is a fixed time, $X$ is the solution of a one-dimensional stochastic differential equation driven by a fractional Brownian motion with Hurst index $H>{1}/{2}$ and $\mathscr{F}^X$ is its natural filtration.
In this article, we identify the necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a random field solution for some linear s.p.d.e.'s of parabolic and hyperbolic type. These equations rely on a spatial operator $\cL$ given by the $L^2$-generator of a $d$-dimensional Lévy process $X=(X_t)_{t \geq 0}$, and are driven by a spatially-homogeneous Gaussian noise, which is fractional in time with Hurst index $H>1/2$. As an application, we consider the case when $X$ is a $β$-stable process, with $β\in (0,2]$. In the parabolic case, we develop a connection with the potential theory of the Markov…
We consider a family of sup-functionals of (drifted) fractional Brownian motion with Hurst parameter $H\in(0,1)$. This family includes, but is not limited to: expected value of the supremum, expected workload, Wills functional, and Piterbarg-Pickands constant. Explicit formulas for the derivatives of these functionals as functions of Hurst parameter evaluated at $H=\tfrac{1}{2}$ are established. In order to derive these formulas, we develop the concept of derivatives of fractional $α$-stable fields introduced by Stoev \& Taqqu (2004) and propose Paley-Wiener-Zygmund representation of fractiona…
Fractional Brownian motion, a Gaussian non-Markovian self-similar process with stationary long-correlated increments, has been identified to give rise to the anomalous diffusion behavior in a great variety of physical systems. The correlation and diffusion properties of this random motion are fully characterized by its index of self-similarity, or the Hurst exponent. However, recent single particle tracking experiments in biological cells revealed highly complicated anomalous diffusion phenomena that can not be attributed to a class of self-similar random processes. Inspired by these observati…
