The quantity and quality of scientific output of the topmost 50 countries in the four basic sciences (agricultural and biological sciences, chemistry, mathematics, and physics and astronomy) are studied in the period of the recent 12 years (1996-2007). In order to rank the countries, a novel two-dimensional method is proposed, which is inspired by the H-index and other methods based on quality and quantity measures. The countries data are represented in a "quantity-quality diagram", and partitioned by a conventional statistical algorithm (k-means), into three clusters, members of which are rather the same in all of the basic sciences. The results offer a new perspective on the global positions of countries with regards to their scientific output.
Worldwide topology of the scientific subject profile: a macro approach on the country level
Grupo Scimago CSIC, Instituto de Políticas y Bienes Públicos (IPP)(科学计量学小组 西班牙国家研究委员会,政策与公共财产研究所);Universidad de Granada, Dept. de Biblioteconomía y Documentación(格拉纳达大学,图书馆学与文献系);CSIC, Unidad Asociada Grupo SCImago(西班牙国家研究委员会,SCImago小组联合单位);Facultad de Comunicación y Documentación Universidad de Granada(格拉纳达大学传播与文献学院)
Breakthrough Asymmetries across Disciplines and Countries: A Network approach to Structural Complexity of Scientific Progress
CSIR-National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research(印度科学传播与政策研究国家研究所);Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)(科学与创新研究学院);School of Computational & Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University(贾瓦哈拉尔·尼赫鲁大学计算与综合科学学院)
Not Just Large: Tall Teams Dominate East Asia's Scientific Production
College of Computer and Information Science, Southwest University(西南大学计算机与信息科学学院);College of Science, Guangxi University of Science and Technology(广西科技大学理学院);College of Computer and Information Science, Chongqing Normal University(重庆师范大学计算机与信息科学学院)
The geopolitics of knowledge: tipping points, national fingerprints, and the unequal globalization of science
Gemass, CNRS(CNRS);TETIS, University of Montpellier, AgroParisTech, Cirad, CNRS, INRAE(蒙彼利埃大学);Centre des politiques de la Terre, Université Paris Cité(巴黎西岱大学)
The Evolution of Competitiveness across Economic, Innovation and Knowledge production activities
Enrico Fermi Research Center(恩里科·费米研究中心);Joint Research Centre (EC—JRC)(联合研究中心(欧盟委员会));Physics Department and INFN, University of Rome Tor Vergata(罗马托尔维加塔大学物理系及意大利国家核物理研究所);Engineering Department, University “Roma Tre”(罗马第三大学工程学院)
The dominance of big teams in China's scientific output
现代科学是由团队的科学成果主导的。最近的一项发现表明,大规模和小规模的团队在研究中都是必不可少的,这促使我们分析一个国家的科学工作在多大程度上是由大/小团队进行的。在这里,使用来自Web of Science的超过2600万篇出版物,我们发现中国的研究成果比世界其他地区更受大团队的主导,特别是在自然科学领域。尽管全球趋势是大团队完成的论文越来越多,但中国小团队产出的下降幅度要大得多。随着中国团队规模从小到大的转变,对于创新工作至关重要的团队多样性并没有像其他国家那样增加。以全国平均水平为基准,我们发现国家自然科学基金委员会(NSFC)资助的小团队项目少于美国国家科学基金委员会(NSF),这意味着中国的资助机构更倾向于大团队。我们的发现为中国对原创性和创新的关注提供了新的见解,这迫切需要平衡小型和大型团队。
Cities of Knowledge and Big Science in Developing Countries: Luxury or Investment? The GCLSI Case
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México(墨西哥国立自治大学);École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne(洛桑联邦理工学院);Centro Internacional de Física, Colombia(哥伦比亚国际物理中心);SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory(斯坦福直线加速器中心);Universidad Tecnológica del Cibao Oriental, UTECO(东方塞巴奥理工大学)
Declines in research funding and science ecosystem fragility
University of Southampton(南安普顿大学);Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University(哈佛大学陈曾熙公共卫生学院);Imperial College London(伦敦帝国理工学院);Harvard Medical School, Harvard University(哈佛医学院);Fred N Binka School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences(健康与 allied 科学大学弗雷德·N·宾卡公共卫生学院);University for Development Studies(发展研究大学)