科学家的流动网络：分析科学职业生涯中的时间相关性
The Mobility Network of Scientists: Analyzing Temporal Correlations in Scientific Careers
摘要：
科学家在不同大学和国家之间的流动对于促进知识交流十分重要。与此同时，潜在的流动性受到地理和制度的限制，这导致了科学家职业轨迹的时间相关性。为了量化这种影响，我们从两个大规模的书目数据集中提取了350万个科学家的职业轨迹，并应用高阶网络的新方法对其进行分析。我们研究了时间相关性在三个不同层次的聚集，大学，城市和国家的影响。我们发现了强有力的证据，证明了前100所大学的这种相关性，即科学家可能在特定机构之间流动。这些相关性也存在于国家一级，但在城市一级则不存在。我们的研究结果可以得出结论的制度路径依赖的科学事业和流动计划的效率。
英文摘要：
The mobility of scientists between different universities and countries is important to foster knowledge exchange. At the same time, the potential mobility is restricted by geographic and institutional constraints, which leads to temporal correlations in the career trajectories of scientists. To quantify this effect, we extract 3.5 million career trajectories of scientists from two large scale bibliographic data sets and analyze them applying a novel method of higher-order networks. We study the effect of temporal correlations at three different levels of aggregation, universities, cities and countries. We find strong evidence for such correlations for the top 100 universities, i.e. scientists move likely between specific institutions. These correlations also exist at the level of countries, but cannot be found for cities. Our results allow to draw conclusions about the institutional path dependence of scientific careers and the efficiency of mobility programs.
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