We experimentally demonstrate the existence of magnetic coupling between two ferromagnets separated by a thin Pt layer. The coupling remains ferromagnetic regardless of the Pt thickness, and exhibits a significant dependence on temperature. Therefore, it cannot be explained by the established mechanisms of magnetic coupling across nonmagnetic spacers. We show that the experimental results are consistent with the presence of magnetism induced in Pt in proximity to ferromagnets, in direct analogy to the well-known proximity effects in superconductivity.
Inducing long-range magnetic order in three-dimensional topological insulators can gap the Diraclike metallic surface states, leading to exotic new phases such as the quantum anomalous Hall effect or the axion insulator state. These magnetic topological phases can host robust, dissipationless charge and spin currents or unique magnetoelectric behavior, which can be exploited in low-energy electronics and spintronics applications. Although several different strategies have been successfully implemented to realize these states, to date these phenomena have been confined to temperatures below a f…
This letter reports the modification of magnetism in a magnetic insulator Y3Fe5O12 thin film by topological surface states (TSS) in an adjacent topological insulator Bi2Se3 thin film. Ferromagnetic resonance measurements show that the TSS in Bi2Se3 produces a perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, results in a decrease in the gyromagnetic ratio, and enhances the damping in Y3Fe5O12. Such TSS-induced changes become more pronounced as the temperature decreases from 300 K to 50 K. These results suggest a completely new approach for control of magnetism in magnetic thin films.
Hybrid Ising superconductor-ferromagnetic insulator heterostructures provide a unique opportunity to explore the interplay between proximity-induced magnetism, spin-orbit coupling and superconductivity. Here we use a combination of first-principles calculations of NbSe$_{2}$/CrBr$_{3}$ heterostructures and an analytical theory of Ising superconductivity to analyze the existing experiments and provide a complete explanation of highly nontrivial and largely counterintuitive effects: an increase in the magnitude of the superconducting gap accompanied by the broadening of the tunneling peaks; hyst…
We investigate the spin transport and ferromagnetic resonance properties of giant magnetoresistive (GMR) Co/Cu-Ni multilayers with variable levels of Ni doping in the Cu spacer. We present an experimental evidence for a magnetic-to-diamagnetic transition in the atomic magnetic moment of Ni in the Cu matrix for concentrations below 15 at. % Ni. As its concentration is increased, Ni atoms turn into spin scattering centers, which is manifested experimentally as a step-like change in the GMR of the multilayers. This behavior is observed in multilayers with gradient-doped Cu spacers, where only the…
In this paper, we present a coupled experimental/theoretical investigation of pressure effect on the ferromagnetism of LaCrGe3 and LaCrSb3 compounds. The magnetic, electronic, elastic and mechanical properties of LaCrGe3 and LaCrSb3 at ambient condition are studied by first-principles density functional theory calculations. The pressure dependences of the magnetic properties of LaCrGe3 and LaCrSb3 are also investigated. The ferromagnetism in LaCrGe3 is rather fragile with a ferro- to paramagnetic transition at a relatively small pressure (around 7 GPa from our calculations, and 2 GPa in experi…
Depositing magnetic insulators on graphene has been a promising route to introduce magnetism via exchange proximity interaction in graphene for future spintronics applications. Molecule-based magnets may offer unique opportunities because of their synthesis versatility. Here, we investigated the magnetic proximity effect of epitaxial iron phthalocyanine (FePc) molecules on high-quality monolayer and bilayer graphene devices on hexagonal boron nitride substrate by probing the local and non-local transport. Although the FePc molecules introduce large hole doping effects combined with mobility de…
Proximity Magnetism in Mn(Bi,Sb)2Te4-(Bi,Sb)2Te3/MnTe Natural Heterostructures
DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory（DEVCOM陆军研究实验室）；Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology（麻省理工学院等离子体科学与聚变中心弗朗西斯·比特磁实验室）；Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University（国立成功大学电气工程系）；Department of Physics, University of Ottawa（渥太华大学物理系）；Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University（北卡罗来纳州立大学材料科学与工程系）
The superposition of flexoelectronic doping and topological phonons give rise to topological electronic magnetism of phonon in an inhomogeneously strained Si in the bilayer structure with metal. In case of ferromagnetic metal and Si bilayer structure, the flexoelectronic doping will also give rise to larger spin current, which will lead to large spin to charge conversion due to topological electronic magnetism of phonon. By applying a temperature difference to ferromagnetic metal/Si bilayer structure under an applied strain gradient, a large thermoelectric response can be generated. In this ex…
8~nm epsilon-Fe2O3 nanoparticles exhibit a spin reorientation transition that begins at 150 K which is a hallmark of this unique iron-oxide polymorph. We find that the change from the high to low temperature magnetic structures has been suppressed by ~50 K. At the spin reorientation temperature, a change of the field-dependent response of the tetrahedral sites in intermediate field strengths (0.25 - 1.5 T) indicates that a collective tetrahedral distortion occurs to which the octahedral sites adjust, altering the magnetic anisotropy. An abrupt step in the hyperfine parameters' temperature depe…
The magnetic proximity effect in top and bottom Pt layers induced by Co in Ta/Pt/Co/Pt multilayers has been studied by interface sensitive, element specific x-ray resonant magnetic reflectivity. The asymmetry ratio for circularly polarized x-rays of left and right helicity has been measured at the Pt $L_3$ absorption edge (11567 eV) with an in-plane magnetic field ($\pm158$ mT) to verify its magnetic origin. The proximity-induced magnetic moment in the bottom Pt layer decreases with the thickness of the Ta buffer layer. Grazing incidence x-ray diffraction has been carried out to show that the …
Element-Specific Visualization of Layer-Parity and Twist-Dependent Magnetism in CrSBr
Carnegie Mellon University（卡内基梅隆大学）；Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie（柏林亥姆霍兹材料与能源中心）；Indian Institute of Technology Ropar（印度理工学院罗帕尔分校）；The University of Texas at Dallas（德克萨斯大学达拉斯分校）
研究 CrSBr 中层奇偶性和扭曲相关磁性，利用 X 射线磁圆二色性和线性二色性结合光发射电子显微镜解析其磁序，揭示纳米尺度磁结构及相关依赖性，还发现正交扭曲双层结构磁易轴的不同，为莫尔磁性开辟新途径。
Magnetic two-dimensional (2D) materials have received tremendous attention recently due to its potential application in spintronics and other magnetism related fields. To our knowledge, five kinds of 2D materials with intrinsic magnetism have been synthesized in experiment. They are CrI3, Cr2Ge2Te6, FePS3, Fe3GeTe2 and VSe2. Apart from the above intrinsic magnetic 2D materials, many strategies have also been proposed to induce magnetism in normal 2D materials such as atomic modification, spin valve and proximity effect. Various devices have also been designed to fulfill the basic functions of …
We report the connection between the stacking order and magnetic properties of bilayer CrI$_3$ using first-principles calculations. We show that the stacking order defines the magnetic ground state. By changing the interlayer stacking order one can tune the interlayer exchange interaction between antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic. To measure the predicted stacking-dependent magnetism, we propose using linear magnetoelectric effect. Our results not only gives a possible explanation for the observed antiferromagnetism in bilayer CrI$_3$ but also have direct implications in heterostructures mad…
Various physical phenomena have been discovered by tuning degrees of freedom, among which there is the degree of freedom (DOF) -- "valley". The typical valley materials are characterized by two degenerate valley states protected by time-reversal symmetry (TS). These states indexed by valley DOF have been measured and manipulated for emergent valley-contrasting physics with the broken valley degeneracy. To achieve the valley splitting resulted from TS breaking, previous studies mainly focused on magnetic proximity effect provided by ferromagnetic (FM) layer. Nevertheless, the anti-ferromagnetic…
The integration of diverse electronic phenomena, such as magnetism and nontrivial topology, into a single system is normally studied either by seeking materials that contain both ingredients, or by layered growth of contrasting materials. The ability to simply stack very different two dimensional (2D) van der Waals materials in intimate contact permits a different approach. Here we use this approach to couple the helical edges states in a 2D topological insulator, monolayer WTe2, to a 2D layered antiferromagnet, CrI3. We find that the edge conductance is sensitive to the magnetization state of…
Ternary iron nitrides are of considerable interest due to their diverse magnetic properties. We find, based on first principles calculations, that the relatively minor structural distortion from the cubic antiperovskite structure in Fe$_3$GeN leads to unusual magnetic behavior. In particular, there is a separation into Fe sites with very different magnetic behaviors, specifically a site with Fe atoms having a stable local moment and a site where the Fe shows characteristics of much more itinerant behavior. This shows a remarkable flexibility of the Fe magnetic behavior in these nitrides and po…
Despite extensive researches on manganites owing to widespread use in modern electronics, this class of metal oxides does not cease to surprise with its unique properties and new phenomena. Here we have studied structural and magnetic properties of non-Heisenberg manganite nanoparticles with a strong spin-electron coupling. During transition from low temperature ferromagnetic to high temperature paramagnetic state, the change in charge, valence and spin (magnetic moment) with the localization of eg-electrons on the manganese ions have been detected. With decrease in a temperature, the overstat…
We report magnetotransport measurements in the NbN/ magnetic topological insulator MnBi2Te4 (MBT)/ NbN junction at low temperature. At 10 mK, the nonlinear current-voltage characteristic of the junction shows a tunneling behavior, indicating the existence of interfacial potential barriers within the heterostructure. Under an out of plane perpendicular magnetic field, a transition from negative to positive magnetoresistance (MR) is found when increasing the bias voltage. A proximity-induced superconducting gap is estimated to be 0.1meV by a pair of differential resistance dips. Moreover, the in…
Spin dependent impurity effects in the 2D frustrated magnetism of NiGa$_2$S$_4$
研究了杂质对三角形反铁磁体Ni $_{1-x}M_x$ Ga $_2$ S $_4$（$M=$ Mn、Fe、Co和Zn）的影响。二维冻结自旋无序态的NiGa $_2$ S $_4$对Zn $^{2+}$（$S=0$）和Heisenberg Fe $^{2+}$（$S=2$）自旋的取代是稳定的，并表现出$T^2$依赖的磁比热，由外斯温度标度。相反，用具有Ising样各向异性的Co $^{2+}$（$S=3/2$）自旋和Heisenberg Mn $^{2+}$（$S=5/2$）自旋取代诱导常规自旋玻璃相。从这些比较中，它表明，海森堡自旋的整数大小是重要的，以稳定在冻结自旋无序态中观察到的二维相干行为。
Proximity-Induced Spin Reorientation in Monolayer CrI$_3$ on Hexagonal WTe$_2$
ELTE Eötvös Loránd University（布达佩斯罗兰大学）；Universidad de Oviedo（奥维耶多大学）；Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas（西班牙国家科学研究委员会）；Universitat de València（瓦伦西亚大学）；Budapest University of Technology and Economics（布达佩斯技术与经济大学）
Fragile singlet ground state magnetism in pyrochlore osmates R2Os2O7 (R=Y and Ho)
用直流磁化率、交流磁化率、比热容和中子粉末衍射方法研究了烧绿石锇酸盐Y $_2$ Os $_2$ O $_7$和Ho $_2$ Os $_2$ O $_7$的单重基态磁性。尽管预期的非磁性单线态在强自旋轨道耦合（SOC）限制为Os $^{4+}$（$5d^4$），Y $_2$ Os $_2$ O $_7$表现出自旋玻璃（SG）基态低于4 K弱磁性，这表明可能接近量子相变之间的非磁性状态在强SOC限制和磁性状态在强超交换限制。Ho $_2$ Os $_2$ O $_7$具有与Y $_2$ Os $_2$ O $_7$相同的结构畸变。而Ho $_2$ Os $_2$ O $_7$中的Os亚晶格在低于36K时表现出长程磁有序。Y $_2$ Os $_2$ O $_7$和Ho $_2$ Os $_2$ O $_7$之间的磁性基态的显著差异表明$R_2$ Os $_2$ O $_7$中的单重态基态磁性是脆弱的，并且可以被弱$4f-5d$相互作用干扰。
Bilayers of the oxide 3d ferromagnet La$_{0.7}$Sr$_{0.3}$MnO$_{3}$ (LSMO) and the 5d paramagnet SrIrO$_{3}$ (SIO) with large spin-orbit coupling (SOC) have been investigated regarding the impact of interfacial SOC on magnetic order. For the growth sequence of LSMO on SIO, ferromagnetism is strongly altered and large out-of-plane-canted anisotropy associated with lacking magnetic saturation up to 4 T has been observed. Thin bilayer films have been grown coherently in both growth sequences on SrTiO$_3$ (001) by pulsed laser deposition and structurally characterized by scanning transmission elect…
Spin-lattice dynamics is used to study the magnetic properties of Fe foams. The temperature dependence of the magnetization in foams is determined as a function of the fraction of surface atoms in foams, nsurf. The Curie temperature of foams decreases approximately linearly with nsurf, while the critical exponent of the magnetization increases considerably more strongly. If the data are plotted as a function of the fraction of surface atoms, reasonable agreement with recent data on vacancy-filled Fe crystals and novel data on void-filled crystals is observed for the critical . Critical tempera…
We use magneto-conductivity to study the magnetic proximity effect on surface states of doped topological insulators. Our bilayers consist of a layer of Fe$_7$Se$_8$, which is a metallic ferrimagnet and a layer of Bi$_{0.8}$Sb$_{1.2}$Te$_{3}$ which is a highly hole-doped topological insulator. Using transport measurements and a modified Hikami-Larkin-Nagaoka model, we show that the ferromagnet shortens significantly the effective coherence length of the surface states, suggesting that a gap is opened at the Dirac point. We show that the magnetically induced gap persists on surface states which…
