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arXiv 1205.0293quant-ph
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量子观察理论与玻恩定则的出现

A Theory of Quantum Observation and the Emergence of the Born Rule

Andreas O. Tell

摘要:

对我们宇宙的实在论描述需要一个双重的定域性概念。一方面,存在产生时间演化的严格爱因斯坦-局域相互作用。另一方面,量子态空间要求对多粒子态进行非定域描述。本文使用行为主义的方法来论证,在这样的宇宙中,观察者必须依靠局部相互作用来了解其属性和行为。这样的观察者在理解和结构上重建个体局部物理宇宙的能力上受到根本性的限制。我们认为,这种基于动态可用信息的重建是量子理论中观测的定义过程。整体量子动力学的以宇宙为中心的观点被证明是非幺正和非线性的,即使宇宙本身是幺正演化的。与无质量自由粒子的相互作用对观测有很大影响,因为它们在爱因斯坦局域宇宙的光锥结构中起着特殊的作用。对于一个特定的散射过程,与一个未知状态的光子,观察到的结果可以是主观随机的,并遵循玻恩统计,而输出状态是真正由光子偏振决定。基于这一结果,量子测量的理论公式,它描述了作为一个级联的散射事件的测量设备。

英文摘要:

A realist description of our universe requires a twofold concept of locality. On one hand, there are the strictly Einstein-local interactions which generate the time evolution. On the other hand, the quantum state space calls for a non-local description of multi-particle states. This article uses a behavioristic approach to argue, that an observer in a universe like this has to rely on local interactions to learn about its properties and behavior. Such an observer is fundamentally restricted in his ability to understand and structurally reconstruct the individual local physical universe. We argue, that this reconstruction based on dynamically available information is the defining process of observation in quantum theory. The observer-centric view of the global quantum dynamics is shown to be non-unitary and non-linear in general, even if the universe itself evolves unitarily. Interactions with massless free particles are found to have great influence on observation, because of their special role in the light-cone structure of an Einstein-local universe. For a specific scattering process with a photon of unknown state, the observed outcome can be subjectively random and follow the Born statistic, while the output state is really determined by the photon polarization. Based on this result, a theory of quantum measurement is formulated, which describes a measurement device as a cascade of scattering events.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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