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arXiv 1202.4203astro-ph.SR
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核塌缩超新星过渡阶段红外辐射的研究

A Search for Infrared Emission from Core-Collapse Supernovae at the Transitional Phase

Masaomi Tanaka, Takaya Nozawa, Itsuki Sakon, Takashi Onaka, Ko Arimatsu, Ryo Ohsawa, Keiichi Maeda, Takehiko Wada, Hideo Matsuhara, Hidehiro Kaneda

摘要:

大多数超新星爆发的观测研究仅限于河外超新星爆发的早期阶段(爆发后几年内)和我们银河系或非常近的星系中超新星遗迹(> 100年)的观测。在这两个时期之间的SNe,我们称之为“过渡”阶段,除了几个河外SNe包括大麦云中的SN 1987 A外,还没有详细的探索。我们提出了理论预测的红外(IR)尘埃排放的几种机制,从尘埃形成的SN喷出物,光回波的拱星和星际尘埃,并从冲击拱星尘埃发射。利用AKARI卫星和Spitzer观测的数据,我们在邻近星系NGC 1313、NGC 6946和M101中寻找了6个核坍缩SNe在过渡阶段的红外辐射。在6个靶中,我们探测到了NGC 1313中SN 1978 K的辐射。SN 1978 K与1.3 x 10^{-3} Msun的硅酸盐尘埃有关。我们发现,在几种机制中,冲击的星周尘埃是最可能的发射源,以解释观测到的富CSM SN 1978 K的红外发射。未检测到其他5个物体的红外辐射。我们目前的观测对大于10^{38} erg s^{-1}的红外光度很敏感,SN 1962 M的未探测排除了激波周尘的存在,因为它的气体质量损失率高达10^{-4} Msun yr^{-1}。未来红外卫星对超新星过渡期的观测将填补10-100年超新星红外观测的空白,并为研究超新星前身星的星周和星际环境以及超新星尘埃的形成提供新的机会。

英文摘要:

Most of the observational studies of supernova (SN) explosions are limited to early phases (< a few yr after the explosion) of extragalactic SNe and observations of SN remnants (> 100 yr) in our Galaxy or very nearby galaxies. SNe at the epoch between these two, which we call "transitional" phase, have not been explored in detail except for several extragalactic SNe including SN 1987A in the Large Magellanic Cloud. We present theoretical predictions for the infrared (IR) dust emissions by several mechanisms; emission from dust formed in the SN ejecta, light echo by circumstellar and interstellar dust, and emission from shocked circumstellar dust. We search for IR emission from 6 core-collapse SNe at the transitional phase in the nearby galaxies NGC 1313, NGC 6946, and M101 by using the data taken with the AKARI satellite and Spitzer. Among 6 targets, we detect the emission from SN 1978K in NGC 1313. SN 1978K is associated with 1.3 x 10^{-3} Msun of silicate dust. We show that, among several mechanisms, the shocked circumstellar dust is the most probable emission source to explain the IR emission observed for CSM-rich SN 1978K. IR emission from the other 5 objects is not detected. Our current observations are sensitive to IR luminosity of > 10^{38} erg s^{-1}, and the non-detection of SN 1962M excludes the existence of the shocked circumstellar dust for a high gas mass-loss rate of sim 10^{-4} Msun yr^{-1}. Observations of SNe at the transitional phase with future IR satellites will fill the gap of IR observations of SNe with the age of 10-100 years, and give a new opportunity to study the circumstellar and interstellar environments of the progenitor, and possibly dust formation in SNe.

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