A low energy core-collapse supernova without a hydrogen envelope
Stefano Valenti, Andrea Pastorello, Enrico Cappellaro, Stefano Benetti, Paolo Mazzali, Jose Manteca, Stefan Taubenberger, Nancy Elias-Rosa, Rafael Ferrando, Ave… 展开作者
Stefano Valenti, Andrea Pastorello, Enrico Cappellaro, Stefano Benetti, Paolo Mazzali, Jose Manteca, Stefan Taubenberger, Nancy Elias-Rosa, Rafael Ferrando, Avet Harutyunyan, Veli-Pekka Hentunen, Markku Nissinen, Elena Pian, Massimo Turatto, Luca Zampieri, Stephen J. Smartt, .
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Submitted 12 January 2009 - Accepted 24 March 2009
The final fate of massive stars depends on many factors, including mass, rotation rate, magnetic fields and metallicity. Theory suggests that some massive stars (initially greater than 25-30 solar masses) end up as Wolf-Rayet stars which are deficient in hydrogen because of mass loss through strong stellar winds. The most massive of these stars have cores which may form a black hole and theory predicts that the resulting explosion produces ejecta of low kinetic energy, a faint optical display and a small mass fraction of radioactive nickel(1,2,3). An alternative origin for low energy supernovae is the collapse of the oxygen-neon core of a relatively lowmass star (7-9 solar masses) through electron capture(4,5). However no weak, hydrogen deficient, core-collapse supernovae are known. Here we report that such faint, low energy core-collapse supernovae do exist, and show that SN2008ha is the faintest hydrogen poor supernova ever observed. We propose that other similar events have been observed but they have been misclassified as peculiar thermonuclear supernovae (sometimes labelled SN2002cx-like events(6)). This discovery could link these faint supernovae to some long duration gamma-ray bursts. Extremely faint, hydrogen-stripped core-collapse supernovae have been proposed to produce those long gamma-ray bursts whose afterglows do not show evidence of association with supernovae (7,8,9).
The role of recombination during a common-envelope event has been long debated. Many studies have argued that much of hydrogen recombination energy, which is radiated in relatively cool and optically-thin layers, might not thermalise in the envelope. On the other hand, helium recombination contains 30% of the total recombination energy, and occurs much deeper in the stellar envelope. We investigate the distinct roles played by hydrogen and helium recombination in a common-envelope interaction experienced by a 12 solar mass red supergiant donor. We perform adiabatic, 3D hydrodynamical simulatio…
We explore a new scenario for producing stripped-envelope supernova progenitors. In our scenario, the stripped-envelope supernova is the second supernova of the binary, in which the envelope of the secondary was removed during its red supergiant phase by the impact of the first supernova. Through 2D hydrodynamical simulations, we find that $\sim$50-90$\%$ of the envelope can be unbound as long as the pre-supernova orbital separation is $\lesssim5$ times the stellar radius. Recombination energy plays a significant role in the unbinding, especially for relatively high mass systems ($\gtrsim18M_\…
Extreme mass loss during common envelope evolution: the origin of the double low-mass white dwarf system J2102--4145
Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya(加泰罗尼亚理工大学);Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET-IALP(拉普拉塔国立大学,阿根廷国家科学研究委员会-拉普拉塔天体物理研究所);Universidad de Valparaíso(瓦尔帕莱索大学);Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC)(加泰罗尼亚空间研究院)
Connecting the evolution of thermally pulsing asymptotic giant branch stars to the chemistry in their circumstellar envelopes -- I. The case of hydrogen cyanide
Spectropolarimetry of the Type Ib Supernova iPTF 13bvn: Revealing the complex explosion geometry of a stripped-envelope core-collapse supernova
我们提出了六个时代的光谱偏振观测和一个时代的光谱Ib型SN iPTF 13 bvn。这些观测的历元对应于$-$ 10至$+$ 61天,相对于{ \it r}波段光变曲线最大值。在整个观测过程中,连续谱被内在地极化到$0.2-0.4\%$水平,这意味着光球形状的$\sim10\%$的非球面性。我们观察到与Ca II IR 3、He I/Na I D、He I λλ 6678、7065、Fe II λ4924和O I λ7774的光谱特征相关的显著线偏振。我们建议,在$\sim 6200\mathrmÅ$的吸收功能,通常被确定为Si II $λ6355$,是最有可能是高速$\mathrm{Hα}$在$-16,400$ $\mathrm{km \; s^{-1}}$。两个明显的极化组件,分离的速度,检测到的He I/Na I D和Ca II IR 3,表明存在两个离散的线形成区域的喷出物中的径向速度空间和在天空的平面。我们使用的极化,他我$λ5876$作为示踪剂的喷出物中的非热激发源,发现大部分的放射性镍被限制在内部的喷出物半径的$\sim 50-65\%$。所观察到的极化的背景下,iPTF 13 bvn的可能的祖系统进行了讨论,我们的意见有利于爆炸的恒星扩展,扭曲的信封,而不是紧凑的沃尔夫-拉叶星。
We use the stellar evolution code MESA to study the negative jet feedback mechanism in common envelope jets supernovae (CEJSNe) where a neutron star (NS) launches jets in the envelope of a red supergiant (RSG), and find that the feedback reduces the mass accretion rate to be $χ_{\rm j} \simeq 0.04-0.3$ times the mass accretion rate without the operation of jets. We mimic the effect of the jets on the RSG envelope by depositing the energy that the jets carry into the envelope zones outside the NS orbit. The energy deposition inflates the envelope, therefore reducing the density in the NS vicini…
On the use of hydrogen recombination energy during common envelope events
在这封信中,我们讨论了发生了什么事,以氢复合能量,在定期共同信封(CE)事件,而不是自我调节CE事件期间释放。我们表明,可以通过对流或辐射从发生复合的区域转移走的复合能量的量是可以忽略的。相反,复合能量注定要被用来帮助CE膨胀,作为一个工作项,或加速当地的流体元素。例外的是最初具有非常高熵材料的供体,$S/(k_B N_A)>37$ mol g $^{-1}$。分析和结论独立于特定的恒星模型或演化代码,并依赖于恒星物质的基本性质,如状态方程,Saha方程和不透明度,以及恒星结构方程和对流混合长度理论。
We use a numerical Galactic chemical evolution model and find that the common envelope jets supernova (CEJSN) r-process scenario can account for both the very early average ratio of europium to iron and its evolution at later times in the Milky-Way (MW) Galaxy. In the CEJSN scenario a neutron star (NS) spirals-in inside a red supergiant (RSG) star all the way to the core and destroys it. According to this scenario r-process isotopes are nucleosynthesized inside neutron-rich jets that the accretion disk around the NS launches inside the core. The merger of a NS with an RSG core already takes pl…
Eruptive mass loss likely produces the energetic outbursts observed from some massive stars before they undergo core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe). The resulting dense circumstellar medium (CSM) may also cause the subsequent SNe to be observed as Type IIn events. The leading hypothesis of the cause of these outbursts is the response of the envelope of the red supergiant (RSG) progenitor to energy deposition in the months to years prior to collapse. Early theoretical studies of this phenomena were limited to 1D, leaving the 3D convective RSG structure unaddressed. Using FLASH's hydrodynamic capab…
Stripped-envelope supernovae (Types IIb, Ib, and Ic) that show little or no hydrogen comprise roughly one-third of the observed explosions of massive stars. Their origin and the evolution of their progenitors are not yet fully understood. Very massive single stars stripped by their own winds ($\gtrsim 25-30 M_{\odot}$ at solar metallicity) are considered viable progenitors of these events. However, recent 1D core-collapse simulations show that some massive stars may collapse directly into black holes after a failed explosion, with a weak or no visible transient. In this letter, we estimate the…
This paper reports an environmental analysis of 41 uniformly-selected stripped-envelope supernovae (SESNe) based on deep ultraviolet-optical images acquired by the Hubble Space Telescope. Young stellar populations are detected in most SN environments and their ages are derived with a hierarchical Bayesian approach. The age distributions are indistinguishable between Type IIb and Type Ib while that for Type Ic is systematically younger. This suggests that the Type Ic SN progenitors are more massive while the Type IIb and Type Ib SNe have very similar progenitor masses. Our result supports a hyb…
Type IIb supernovae are believed to originate from core-collapse progenitors having kept only a very thin hydrogen envelope. We aim to explore how some physical factors, such as rotation, metallicity, overshooting, and the initial orbital period in binaries, significantly affect the Roche lobe overflow and the formation of type IIb supernovae. It is found that binaries are the main channel that capable of producing type typeIIb supernovae progenitors in the mass range for initial masses below 20 $M_{\odot}$. The formation of type IIb supernova progenitors is extremely sensitive to the initial …