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arXiv 0910.0552astro-ph.SR
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关于II型超新星大气中氢的蒸发时间

On the Hydrogen Recombination Time in Type II Supernova Atmospheres

Soma De, E. Baron, P. H. Hauschildt

摘要:

差分膨胀超新星大气层的NLTE辐射转移计算是计算密集型的,并且几乎普遍地在与时间无关的快照模式下进行。速率方程中稳态近似的有效性最近受到质疑。我们使用我们的通用大气模型程序PHOENIX计算了SN II中氢的有效复合时间。虽然我们发现,在早期的SNe II的条件下的复合时间增加的情况下,一个简单的氢模型原子的能级对应的前2个主量子数的经典值,复合时间的经典值的情况下,多层次的氢原子恢复。我们还发现,在大多数光学深度的复合时间是较小的情况下,一个多能级原子比一个简单的二能级氢原子。我们发现,在速率方程的时间依赖性是重要的超新星的生命周期的早期时期。由于随时间变化的速率方程(在恒定的输入光度)的变化表现在物理参数,如直接影响光谱的水平人口。在早期,H-α分布受时间相关速率方程的影响。在稍后的时间,时间依赖性不会显著改变水平群体,因此H-α曲线大致与使用稳态还是时间依赖性方法无关。

英文摘要:

NLTE radiative transfer calculations of differentially expanding supernovae atmospheres are computationally intensive and are almost universally performed in time-independent snapshot mode. The validity of the steady-state approximation in the rate equations has recently been questioned. We calculate the effective recombination time of hydrogen in SN II using our general purpose model atmosphere code PHOENIX. While we find that the recombination time for the conditions of SNe II at early times is increased over the classical value for the case of a simple hydrogen model atom with energy levels corresponding to just the first 2 principle quantum numbers, the classical value of the recombination time is recovered in the case of a multi-level hydrogen atom. We also find that the recombination time at most optical depths is smaller in the case of a multi-level atom than for a simple two-level hydrogen atom. We find that time dependence in the rate equations is important in the early epochs of a supernova's lifetime. The changes due to the time dependent rate equation (at constant input luminosity) are manifested in physical parameters such as the level populations which directly affects the spectra. The H-alpha profile is affected by the time dependent rate equations at early times. At later times time dependence does not significantly modify the level populations and therefore the H-alpha profile is roughly independent of whether the steady-state or time-dependent approach is used.

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