Hydrogen recombination is one of the most important atomic processes
in many astrophysical objects such as Type II supernova (SN~II)
atmospheres, the high redshift universe during the cosmological recombination
era, and H II regions in the interstellar medium. Accurate predictions of
the ionization fraction can be quite different from those given by a
simple solution
if one takes into account many angular momentum sub-states,
non-resonant processes, and calculates the rates of all atomic
processes from the solution of the radiative transfer equation
instead of using a Planck function under the assumption of thermal equilibrium. We use the general
purpose model atmosphere code PHOENIX 1D to
compare how the fundamental probabilities such as the photo-ionization
probability, the escape probability, and the collisional de-excitation
probability are affected by the presence of other metals in the
environment, multiple angular momentum sub-states, and
non-resonant processes. Our comparisons are based on a model of SN
1999em, a SNe Type II, 20 days after its explosion.
On the use of hydrogen recombination energy during common envelope events
在这封信中,我们讨论了发生了什么事,以氢复合能量,在定期共同信封(CE)事件,而不是自我调节CE事件期间释放。我们表明,可以通过对流或辐射从发生复合的区域转移走的复合能量的量是可以忽略的。相反,复合能量注定要被用来帮助CE膨胀,作为一个工作项,或加速当地的流体元素。例外的是最初具有非常高熵材料的供体,$S/(k_B N_A)>37$ mol g $^{-1}$。分析和结论独立于特定的恒星模型或演化代码,并依赖于恒星物质的基本性质,如状态方程,Saha方程和不透明度,以及恒星结构方程和对流混合长度理论。
Large-scale Map of Millimeter-wavelength Hydrogen Radio Recombination Lines around a Young Massive Star Cluster
我们报告了第一张大尺度(长度为10 pc)毫米波氢复合线(mm RRL)发射到W 43-Main年轻大质量星团(YMC)周围的巨大H II区域的地图。我们的毫米RRL数据来自IRAM 30米望远镜,并与来自Karl G. Jansky甚大阵列和HCO $^{+}$ 1-0线发射数据来自IRAM 30 m。毫米-RRLs揭示了一个膨胀的风吹电离气体壳层,其电子密度约为70-1500 cm $^{-3}$,由WR/OB团簇驱动,其产生的总Ly $α$光子通量为1.5 x 10 $^{50}$ s $^{-1}$。这个壳层与W 43-Main稠密云中的稠密中性分子气体相互作用。结合高光谱和角分辨率的mm-RRL和cm-RRL立方体,我们推导出电离气体发射的动力学和压力展宽的二维相对分布,并发现RRL线形主要由压力展宽(4-55 km s $^{-1}$)附近的YMC和动力学展宽(8-36 km s $^{-1}$)附近的壳的边缘。电离气体块托管超紧凑的H II区域发现在边缘的壳表明,大规模的电离气体运动触发了新的恒星生成的形成附近的外围的壳。
The SOFIA Massive (SOMA) Star Formation Q-band Follow-up. II. Hydrogen Recombination Lines Toward High-Mass Protostars
University of Oslo(奥斯陆大学);National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, National Institutes of Natural Sciences(日本国家天文台,国立自然科学研究院);Chalmers University of Technology(查尔姆斯理工大学);University of Virginia(弗吉尼亚大学);Observatorio Astronomico Nacional (OAN-IGN)(国家天文台(OAN-IGN));California Institute of Technology(加州理工学院);Centro de Astrobiologia (CAB), CSIC-INTA(天体生物学中心(CAB),西班牙高等科学研究委员会-国家航空航天技术研究所);Shanghai Jiao Tong University(上海交通大学);Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique(毫米波射电天文研究所);Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri(阿切特里天文台);Universitat de Barcelona (UB)(巴塞罗那大学);University of Duisburg-Essen(杜伊斯堡-埃森大学);Institute of Astronomy Space and Earth Sciences(天文、空间与地球科学研究所)