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arXiv 1202.0815astro-ph.SR
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一个新的适用于核塌缩超新星II的多维广义相对论中微子流体动力学程序。核塌缩超新星的相对论爆炸模型

A New Multi-Dimensional General Relativistic Neutrino Hydrodynamics Code for Core-Collapse Supernovae II. Relativistic Explosion Models of Core-Collapse Supernovae

B. Mueller, H. -Th. Janka, A. Marek

摘要:

我们提出了第一个二维的广义相对论(GR)模拟恒星核心的崩溃和爆炸的CoCoNuT流体动力学代码结合VERTEX求解器的能量依赖性,三味中微子运输,使用扩展的共形平坦性条件近似的时空度量和射线的射线加anomaly来解决运输的多维性。对于所研究的11.2和15太阳质量的祖先,我们获得了成功的,虽然看似边缘,中微子驱动的超新星爆炸。这一结果和模型的时间演变基本上同意与PROMETHEUS水求解器,包括一个近似处理的相对论效应的修改后的牛顿势以前得到的结果。然而,GR模型在中微子层条件下表现出微妙的差异相比,牛顿和伪牛顿模拟。这些差异导致显着更高的亮度和平均能量的辐射电子中微子和反中微子,因此更大的能量沉积率和加热效率的增益层具有有利的后果,为强大的非径向质量运动,并最终爆炸。此外,在重轻子中微子散射反应中,通过核子反冲将能量转移到中微子球周围的恒星介质中,也增强了上述效应。与以前的伪牛顿模型一起,所提出的相对论计算表明,重力和能量交换中微子相互作用的处理在某些数量上甚至可以产生50-100%的差异,并且可能有助于最终成功的爆炸机制,其程度不亚于不同维度之间的流体动力学差异。

英文摘要:

We present the first two-dimensional general relativistic (GR) simulations of stellar core collapse and explosion with the CoCoNuT hydrodynamics code in combination with the VERTEX solver for energy-dependent, three-flavor neutrino transport, using the extended conformal flatness condition for approximating the spacetime metric and a ray-by-ray-plus ansatz to tackle the multi-dimensionality of the transport. For both of the investigated 11.2 and 15 solar mass progenitors we obtain successful, though seemingly marginal, neutrino-driven supernova explosions. This outcome and the time evolution of the models basically agree with results previously obtained with the PROMETHEUS hydro solver including an approximative treatment of relativistic effects by a modified Newtonian potential. However, GR models exhibit subtle differences in the neutrinospheric conditions compared to Newtonian and pseudo-Newtonian simulations. These differences lead to significantly higher luminosities and mean energies of the radiated electron neutrinos and antineutrinos and therefore to larger energy-deposition rates and heating efficiencies in the gain layer with favorable consequences for strong non-radial mass motions and ultimately for an explosion. Moreover, energy transfer to the stellar medium around the neutrinospheres through nucleon recoil in scattering reactions of heavy-lepton neutrinos also enhances the mentioned effects. Together with previous pseudo-Newtonian models the presented relativistic calculations suggest that the treatment of gravity and energy-exchanging neutrino interactions can make differences of even 50-100% in some quantities and is likely to contribute to a finally successful explosion mechanism on no minor level than hydrodynamical differences between different dimensions.

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