Network of Information (NetInf) is a term coined for networks which unlike contemporary network are not node centric. As the name indicates, information supersedes nodes in the network. In this report, we propose an architecture of mobile node for NetInf. We call it NetInf Mobile Node. It is an extension of the basic node architecture proposed for NetInf. It is compatible to NetInf and TCP/IP based networks. The Virtual Node Layer modules in the architecture provide support for managing mobility, power consumption of the node as well data relaying/storing services. In- ner/Outer Locator Construction Routers (I/O LCTR) are two functions introduced in NetInf mobile nodes to operate between NetInf and non- NetInf sites. The basic purpose of NetInf mobile node is to maintain the QoS during mobility events. The handoff/handover are critical situations during mobility where chances of QoS degradation of an ongoing session are high. This report presents one such scenario in which QoS of an appli- cation is maintained during a handoff situations in heterogeneous wireless network environment through our proposed algorithm.
Future cellular networks will be dense and require key traffic management technologies for fine-grained network control. The problem gets more complicated in the presence of different network segments with bottleneck links limiting the desired quality of service (QoS) delivery to the last mile user. In this work, we first design a framework for software-defined cellular networks (SDCN) and then propose new mechanisms for management of QoS and non-QoS users traffic considering both access and backhaul networks, jointly. The overall SDN-LTE system and related approaches are developed and tested …
Future satellite networks are expected to have thousands of low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites orbiting Earth at very high speeds. User equipment (UE) communicating directly with LEO satellites will experience frequent handovers. Managing the handover process is complicated due to the high frequency of handovers and the availability of multiple LEO satellites as handover targets. In addition, as the status of the communication link between a UE and an LEO satellite varies in accordance with the visibility period of the satellite, initiating handovers at the right time will significantly affect t…
The ubiquitous services of wireless communication networks are growing rapidly by the development of wireless communication technologies. While a user is roaming from one cell to another cell, an intelligent decision mechanism and network selection is extremely crucial to maintain the quality of service (QoS) during handover. Handover decision must be made precisely to avoid any unnecessary phenomenon like ping-pong, corner effect, call blocking, and call dropping etc. This work considered service types like voice, video, and data and their QoS requirements for handover decision using fuzzy lo…
The increasing demand for advanced services in wireless networks raises the problem for quality of service (QoS) provisioning with proper resource management. In this research, such a provisioning technique for wireless networks is performed by Call Admission Control (CAC). A new approach in CAC named by Uniform Fractional Band (UFB) is proposed in this work for the wireless networks for providing proper priority between new calls and handover calls. This UFB scheme is basically a new style of handover priority scheme. Handover priority is provided by two stages in this scheme which help the n…
As wireless access technologies grow rapidly, the recent studies have focused on granting mobile users the ability of roaming across different wireless networks in a seamless manner thus offering seamless mobility. The different characteristics of each wireless technology with regards to QoS brought many challenges for provisioning the continuous services (audio/video streaming) in a seamless way. In this paper, we intend to review the existing context-aware methods which offered solutions for service continuity. We looked at the types of context information used in each solution. Through this…
Apart from mobile cellular networks, IEEE 802.11-based wireless local area networks (WLANs) represent the most widely deployed wireless networking technology. With the migration of critical applications onto data networks, and the emergence of multimedia applications such as digital audio/video and multimedia games, the success of IEEE 802.11 depends critically on its ability to provide quality of service (QoS). A lot of research has focused on equipping IEEE 802.11 WLANs with features to support QoS. In this survey, we provide an overview of these techniques. We discuss the QoS features incor…
The multiple choices of access networks offer different opportunities and overcome the limitations of other technologies. Optimal selection of interface is a big challenge for multiple interfaces supported mobile terminals to make a seamless handover and to optimize the power consumption. Seamless handover, resource management, and CAC to support QoS and multiple interface management to reduce power consumption in mobile terminal are the most important issues for the UMTS/WLAN overlaying network. The access of both interfaces simultaneously can reduce the handover latency and data loss in hete…
Seamless continuity is the main goal and challenge in fourth generation Wireless networks (FGWNs), to achieve seamless connectivity "HANDOVER" technique is used,Handover mechanism are mainly used when a mobile terminal(MT) is in overlapping area for service continuity. In Heterogeneous wireless networks main challenge is continual connection among the different networks like WiFi, WiMax, WLAN, WPAN etc. In this paper, Vertical handover decision schemes are compared, Simple Additive Weighting method (SAW) and Weighted product model (WPM) are used to choose the best network from the available Vi…
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) technology is becoming increasingly used in a variety of applications such as video surveillance and deliveries. To enable safe and efficient use of UAVs, the devices will need to be connected into cellular networks. Existing research on UAV cellular connectivity shows that UAVs encounter significant issues with existing networks, such as strong interference and antenna misalignment. In this work, we perform a novel measurement campaign of the performance of a UAV user when it connects to an experimental two-tier cellular network in two different areas of Dublin c…
Switching connectivity over multiple wireless interfaces of a mobile node is essential when performing handover between heterogeneous networks. In such a communication scenario, session continuity as experienced by the user can be enhanced if soft handover is enabled through the concept of make-before-break. However, some of the available networking protocols need to be modified to support this feature. This work gives an insight into the supplementary modules we implemented and the modification conducted in MIPv6 model of OMNeT++ to facilitate soft handover and data offloading for mobile node…
The vision of next generation wireless network (NGWN) is to integrate different wireless access technologies, each with its own characteristics, into a common IP-based core network to provide mobile user with service continuity and seamless roaming. One of the major issues for the converged heterogeneous networks is providing a seamless vertical handover (VHO) with QoS support. In this paper we have reviewed the various interworking architectures and handover scenarios between UMTS and WiMAX. Also, we have compared the proposed solutions based on different criteria and revealed the pros and co…
The vertical handover decision is considered an NP-Hard problem. For that reason, a large variety of vertical handoff algorithms (VHA) have been proposed to help the user to select dynamically the best access network in terms of quality of service (QoS). The objective of this paper is to provide a new approach for evaluating of the vertical handoff algorithms in order to choose the most appropriate algorithm which should be used to select the best access network. Simulation results are presented to evaluate and to test our new evaluation model
Mobility support for the next generation IPv6 networks has been one of the recent research issues due to the growing demand for wireless services over internet. In the other hand, 3GPP has introduced IP Multimedia Subsystem as the next generation IP based infrastructure for wireless and wired multimedia services. In this paper we present two context transfer mechanisms based on predictive and reactive schemes, to support seamless handover in IMS over Mobile IPv6. Those schemes reduce handover latency by transferring appropriate session information between the old and the new access networks. M…
Information-centric networking (ICN) is one of the promising solutions that cater to the challenges of IP-based networking. ICN shifts the IP-based access model to a data-centric model. Named Data Networking (NDN) is a flexible ICN architecture, which is based on content distribution considering data as the core entity rather than IP-based hosts. User-generated mobile contents for real-time multimedia communication such as Internet telephony are very common these days and are increasing both in quality and quantity. In NDN, producer mobility is one of the challenging problems to support uninte…
Over the years, vertical handover has attracted the interest of numerous researchers. Despite the attractive benefits of integrating different wireless platforms, mobile users are confronted with the issue of detrimental handover. As a mobile node (MN) moves within a heterogeneous environment, satisfactory quality of service (QoS) is desired by ensuring efficient vertical handover. This demands not only the efficient execution of vertical handover, but also optimized pre-handover decisions, such as: handover necessity estimation (HNE), handover triggering condition estimation (HTCE) and handov…
In 5G wireless communication, Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) and automobile applications, such as autonomous driving, are widely examined. These applications have strict requirements and often require high Quality of Service (QoS). In an urban setting, Ultra-Dense Networks (UDNs) have the potential to not only provide optimal QoS but also increase system capacity and frequency reuse. However, the current architecture of 5G UDN of dense Small Cell Nodes (SCNs) deployment prompts increased delay, handover times, and handover failures. In this paper, we propose a Machine Learning (ML) s…
In recent years, long-term evolution (LTE) and 5G NR (5th Generation New Radio) technologies have showed great potential to utilize Machine Learning (ML) algorithms in optimizing their operations, both thanks to the availability of fine-grained data from the field, as well as the need arising from growing complexity of networks. The aforementioned complexity sparked mobile operators' attention as a way to reduce the capital expenditures (CAPEX) and the operational (OPEX) expenditures of their networks through network management automation (NMA). NMA falls under the umbrella of Self-Organizing …
Seamless connectivity plays a key role in realising QoS-based delivery in mobile networks. However, current handover mechanisms hinder the ability to meet this target, due to the high ratio of handover failures, packet loss and service interruption. These challenges are further magnified in Heterogeneous Cellular Networks (HCN) such as Advanced Long Term Evolution (LTE-Advanced) and LTE in unlicensed spectrum (LTE-LAA), due to the variation in handover requirements. Although mechanisms, such as Fast Handover for Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PFMIPv6), attempt to tackle these issues; they come at a high c…
Provisioning of Quality of Service (QoS) is a key issue in any multi-media system. However, in wireless systems, supporting QoS requirements of different traffic types is more challenging due to the need to minimize two performance metrics - the probability of dropping a handover call and the probability of blocking a new call. Since QoS requirements are not as stringent for non-real-time traffic types, as opposed to real-time traffic, more calls can be accommodated by releasing some bandwidth from the already admitted non-real-time traffic calls. If we require that such a released bandwidth t…
This paper proposes a handover scheme supporting Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) in a Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) domain that improves the mobility and gives Quality of Service (QoS) and Traffic Engineering (TE) capabilities in wireless access networks. The proposed scheme takes advantages of both PMIPv6 and MPLS. PMIPv6 was designed to provide NETwork-based Localized Mobility Management (NETLMM) support to a Mobile Node (MN); therefore, the MN does not perform any mobility related signaling, while MPLS is used as an alternative tunneling technology between the Mobile Access Gateway (MAG)…
Software-Defined Networking (SDN) paradigm provides many features including hardware abstraction, programmable networking and centralized policy control. One of the main benefits used along with these features is core/backhaul network virtualization which ensures sharing of mobile core and backhaul networks among Mobile Operators (MOs). In this paper, we propose a virtualized SDN-based Evolved Packet System (EPS) cellular network architecture including design of network virtualization controller. After virtualization of core/backhaul network elements, eNodeBs associated with MOs become a part …
Communications based solely on radio frequency (RF) networks cannot provide adequate quality of service for the rapidly growing demands of wireless connectivity. Since devices operating in the optical spectrum do not interfere with those using the RF spectrum, wireless networks based on the optical spectrum can be added to existing RF networks to fulfill this demand. Hence, optical wireless communication (OWC) technology can be an excellent complement to RF-based technology to provide improved service. Promising OWC systems include light fidelity (LiFi), visible light communication, optical ca…
Software-Defined Network (SDN) is expected to have a significant impact on future networking. Although exciting progress has been made toward realizing SDN, application of this new networking paradigm in the future Internet to support end-to-end QoS provisioning faces some new challenges. The autonomous network domains coexisting in the Internet and the diverse user applications deployed upon the Internet call for a uniform Service Delivery Platform (SDP) that enables high-level network abstraction and inter-domain collaboration for end-to-end service provisioning. However, the currently avail…
Intelligent Automation Inc.（智能自动化公司）；U.S. Army C5ISR（美国陆军C5ISR）；University of Minnesota（明尼苏达大学）；The Pennsylvania State University（宾夕法尼亚州立大学）
The problem of quality of service (QoS) and jamming-aware communications is considered in an adversarial wireless network subject to external eavesdropping and jamming attacks. To ensure robust communication against jamming, an interference-aware routing protocol is developed that allows nodes to avoid communication holes created by jamming attacks. Then, a distributed cooperation framework, based on deep reinforcement learning, is proposed that allows nodes to assess network conditions and make deep learning-driven, distributed, and real-time decisions on whether to participate in data commun…
5G mobile networks provide additional benefits in terms of lower latency, higher data rates, and more coverage, in comparison to 4G networks, and they are also coming close to standardization. For example, 5G has a new level of data transfer and processing speed that assures users are not disconnected when they move from one cell to another; thus, supporting faster connection. However, it comes with its own technical challenges relating to resource management, authentication handover and user privacy protection. In 5G, the frequent displacement of the users among the cells as a result of repea…
Software-defined networking (SDN) as a new paradigm for networking provides efficient resource reallocation platform in emerging cloud data center networks. The dynamic nature of cloud data center network's traffic, as well as the existence of big flows make it necessary to periodically reprogram the network through the SDN controller. Therefore, it is critical for network researchers to minimize the side-effects of network reconfiguration. In this way, the most challenging issue is the number of rerouted flows that affect the network stability and QoS parameters. As a result, dynamic reconfig…
Network mobility basic support (NEMO BS) protocol (RFC 3963) is an extension of Mobile IPv6. The NEMO BS embraced by the IETF working group to permit any node in the portable network to be accessible to the Internet despite the fact the network itself is roaming. This protocol likewise Mobile IPv6 does not deliver any kind of Quality of Service (QoS) guarantees to its clients. It can barely offer the same level of services (i.e. Best-Effort) to all the users without obligation to the needs of applications. These propositions a challenge to real-time applications that demand a precise level of …
The networking community continues to create new technologies and update existing ones to improve the quality, reliability, and "tailorability" of data networks. However, whenever Internet service providers attempt to productize "tailorability" and sell it explicitly to end customers as a premium service over best effort connectivity, they either fail to overcome net neutrality concerns or struggle to gain market traction. For this article, we focus only on those networking protocols, technologies, or standards whose goal is to offer tailored connectivity to paying customers on a public networ…
Deterministic IP (DIP) networking is a promising technique that can provide delay-bounded transmission in large-scale networks. Nevertheless, DIP faces several challenges in the mixed traffic scenarios, including (i) the capability of ultra-low latency communications, (ii) the simultaneous satisfaction of diverse QoS requirements, and (iii) the network efficiency. The problems are more formidable in the dynamic surroundings without prior knowledge of traffic demands. To address the above-mentioned issues, this paper designs a flexible DIP (FDIP) network. In the proposed network, we classify th…
Coping with network failures has been recognized as an issue of major importance in terms of social security, stability and prosperity. It has become clear that current networking standards fall short of coping with the complex challenge of surviving failures. The need to address this challenge has become a focal point of networking research. In particular, the concept of \textbf{\emph{tunable survivability}} offers major performance improvements over traditional approaches. Indeed, while the traditional approach aims at providing full (100\%) protection against network failures through disjoi…
Quality of Service (QoS) in the IP world mainly manages forwarding resources, i.e., link capacities and buffer spaces. In addition, Information Centric Networking (ICN) offers resource dimensions such as in-network caches and forwarding state. In constrained wireless networks, these resources are scarce with a potentially high impact due to lossy radio transmission. In this paper, we explore the two basic service qualities (i) prompt and (ii) reliable traffic forwarding for the case of NDN. The resources we take into account are forwarding and queuing priorities, as well as the utilization of …
- The Internet of Things (IoT) is the result of many different enabling technologies such as embedded systems, wireless sensor networks, cloud computing, big-data, etc. used to gather, process, infer, and transmit data. Integrating all these technologies requires a comprehensive and holistic research effort to address all the challenges imposed by these technologies, especially for sensing and delivering information from physical world to cloud-hosted services. In this paper, we outline the most important issues related to standardization efforts, mobility of objects, networking and gateway ac…
Recent advances in the areas of Internet of Things (IoT), Big Data, and Machine Learning have contributed to the rise of a growing number of complex applications. These applications will be data-intensive, delay-sensitive, and real-time as smart devices prevail more in our daily life. Ensuring Quality of Service (QoS) for delay-sensitive applications is a must, and fog computing is seen as one of the primary enablers for satisfying such tight QoS requirements, as it puts compute, storage, and networking resources closer to the user. In this paper, we first introduce FogPlan, a framework for Qo…
Network Function Virtualization (NFV) and Software Distributed Networking (SDN) technologies play a crucial role in enabling 5G system and beyond. A synergy between these both technologies has been identified for enabling a new concept dubbed service function chains (SFC) that aims to reduce both the capital expenditures (CAPEX) and operating expenses (OPEX). The SFC paradigm considers different constraints and key performance indicators (KPIs), that includes QoS and different resources, for enabling network slice services. However, the large-scale, complexity and security issues brought by th…
Due to the fact that Quality of Service (QoS) requirements are not as stringent for non-real-time traffic types, as opposed to real-time traffic, more calls can be accommodated by releasing some bandwidth from the existing non-real-time traffic calls. If the released bandwidth to accept a handover call is larger than to accept a new call, then the probability of dropping a call is smaller than the probability of blocking a call. In this paper we propose an efficient Call Admission Control (CAC) that relies on adaptive multi-level bandwidth-allocation scheme for non-real-time calls. The feature…
With the enhancements in the field of software-defined networking and virtualization technologies, novel networking paradigms such as network function virtualization (NFV) and the Internet of things (IoT) are rapidly gaining ground. Development of IoT as well as 5G networks and explosion in online services has resulted in an exponential growth of devices connected to the network. As a result, application service providers (ASPs) and Internet service providers (ISPs) are being confronted with the unprecedented challenge of accommodating increasing service and traffic demands from the geographic…
Offering of different attractive opportunities by different wireless technologies trends the convergence of heterogeneous networks for the future wireless communication system. To make a seamless handover among the heterogeneous networks, the optimization of the power consumption, and optimal selection of interface are the challenging issues for convergence networks. The access of multi interfaces simultaneously reduces the handover latency and data loss in heterogeneous handover. The mobile node (MN) maintains one interface connection while other interface is used for handover process. Howeve…
The importance of HTTP in today's networks isundisputed. As a solution to enhance QoS and enhance scalability CDN networks have been designed and deployed. Recently, anew paradigm known as ICN has been envisioned focusing the network routing on the content itself instead of the geographical attachment of addresses. Software Defined Networkings (SDNs) have been researched for the last 10 years as enablers of FutureInternet (FI) architectures in general and of ICN in particular. We have already proposed the Information Centric Network as a Service (ICNaaS) architecture to provide with end-to-end…
Cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) communication is a key enabler for future cooperative automated driving and safety-related applications. The requirements they demand in terms of Quality of Service (QoS) performance vary according to the use case. For instance, Day-1 applications such as Emergency Brake Light warning have less strict requirements than remote driving. In this paper, we seek to answer two questions: Are current LTE networks ready to support Day-1 applications at all times? And, can underperforming situations be reliably predicted based on GPS and network-related informatio…
Wireless sensor networks have been a driving force of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) advancement in the process control and manufacturing industry. The emergence of IIoT opens great potential for the ubiquitous field device connectivity and manageability with an integrated and standardized architecture from low-level device operations to high-level data-centric application interactions. This technological development requires software definability in the key architectural elements of IIoT, including wireless field devices, IIoT gateways, network infrastructure, and IIoT sensor cloud …
With rapid advancements in sensing, networking, and computing technologies, recent years have witnessed the emergence of cyber-physical systems (CPS) in a broad range of application domains. CPS is a new class of engineered systems that features the integration of computation, communications, and control. In contrast to general-purpose computing systems, many cyber-physical applications are safety-cricial. These applications impose considerable requirements on quality of service (QoS) of the employed networking infrastruture. Since IEEE 802.15.4 has been widely considered as a suitable protoco…
Nowadays, computation is playing an increasingly more important role in the future generation of computer and communication networks, as exemplified by the recent progress in software defined networking (SDN) for wired networks as well as cloud radio access networks (C-RAN) and mobile cloud computing (MCC) for wireless networks. This paper proposes a unified concept, i.e., computation diversity, to describe the impact and diverse forms of the computation resources on both wired and wireless communications. By linking the computation resources to the communication networks based on quality of s…
Dead Reckoning mechanisms are usually used to estimate the position of simulated entity in virtual environment. However, this technique often ignores available contextual information that may be influential to the state of an entity, sacrificing remote predictive accuracy in favor of low computational complexity. A novel extension of Dead Reckoning is suggested in this paper to increase the network availability and fulfill the required Quality of Service in large scale distributed simulation application. The proposed algorithm is referred to as ANFIS Dead Reckoning, which stands for Adaptive N…
Internet of unmanned aerial vehicle (I-UAV) networks promise to accomplish sensing and transmission tasks quickly, robustly, and cost-efficiently via effective cooperation among UAVs. To achieve the promising benefits, the crucial I-UAV networking issue should be tackled. This article argues that I-UAV networking can be classified into three categories, quality-of-service (QoS) driven networking, quality-of-experience (QoE) driven networking, and situation aware networking. Each category of networking poses emerging challenges which have severe effects on the safe and efficient accomplishment …
Beyond Per-Request QoS: Coordinating Industrial Workflows with B5G/6G Network Capabilities
Ruhr University Bochum（波鸿鲁尔大学）；Fraunhofer Institute for Open Communication Systems (FOKUS)（弗劳恩霍夫开放通信系统研究所）；Hangzhou International Innovation Institute, Beihang University（北京航空航天大学杭州国际创新学院）
Automatic traffic classification is increasingly important in networking due to the current trend of encrypting transport information (e.g., behind HTTP encrypted tunnels) which prevents intermediate nodes to access end-to-end transport headers. This paper proposes an architecture for supporting Quality of Service (QoS) in hybrid terrestrial and SATCOM networks based on automated traffic classification. Traffic profiles are constructed by machine-learning (ML) algorithms using the series of packet sizes and arrival times of QUIC connections. Thus, the proposed QoS method does not require an ex…
Networking in Wireless Sensor networks is a challenging task due to the lack of resources in the network as well as the frequent changes in network topology. Although lots of research has been done on supporting QoS in the Internet and other networks, but they are not suitable for wireless sensor networks and still QoS support for such networks remains an open problem. In this paper, a new scheme has been proposed for achieving QoS in terms of packet delivery, multiple connections, better power management and stable routes in case of failure. It offers quick adaptation to distributed processin…
The wireless industry is driven by key stakeholders that follow a holistic approach of "one-system-fits-all" that leads to moving network functionality of meeting stringent E2E communication requirements towards the core and cloud infrastructures. This trend is limiting smaller and new players for bringing in new and novel solutions. For meeting these E2E requirements, tenants and end-users need to be active players for bringing their needs and innovations. Driving E2E communication not only in terms of QoS but also overall carbon footprint and spectrum efficiency from one specific community m…
Wireless networking has become an important area of research in academic and industry. The main objectives of this paper is to gain in-depth knowledge about the Wi-Fi- WiMAX technology and how it works and understand the problems about the WiFi- WiMAX technology in maintaining and deployment. The challenges in wireless networks include issues like security, seamless handover, location and emergency services, cooperation, and QoS.The performance of the WiMAX is better than the Wi-Fi and also it provide the good response in the access. It's evaluated the Quality of Service (Qos) in Wi-Fi compare…
