Deterministic IP (DIP) networking is a promising technique that can provide delay-bounded transmission in large-scale networks. Nevertheless, DIP faces several challenges in the mixed traffic scenarios, including (i) the capability of ultra-low latency communications, (ii) the simultaneous satisfaction of diverse QoS requirements, and (iii) the network efficiency. The problems are more formidable in the dynamic surroundings without prior knowledge of traffic demands. To address the above-mentioned issues, this paper designs a flexible DIP (FDIP) network. In the proposed network, we classify the queues at the output port into multiple groups. Each group operates with different cycle lengths. FDIP can assign the time-sensitive flows with different groups, hence delivering diverse QoS requirements, simultaneously. The ultra-low latency communication can be achieved by specific groups with short cycle lengths. Moreover, the flexible scheduling with diverse cycle lengths improves resource utilization, hence increasing the throughput (i.e., the number of acceptable time-sensitive flows). We formulate a throughput maximization problem that jointly considers the admission control, transmission path selection, and cycle length assignment. A branch and bound (BnB)-based heuristic is developed. Simulation results show that the proposed FDIP significantly outperforms the standard DIP in terms of both the throughput and the latency guarantees.
Presence of a logically centralized controller in software-defined networks enables smart and fine-grained management of network traffic. Generally, traffic management includes measurement, analysis and control of traffic in order to improve resource utilization. This is done by inspecting corresponding performance requirements using metrics such as packet delay, jitter, loss rate and bandwidth utilization from global network view. There has been many works regarding traffic management of software-defined networks and how it could help to efficiently allocate resources. However, the vast major…
We compute bounds on end-to-end worst-case latency and on nodal backlog size for a per-class deterministic network that implements Credit Based Shaper (CBS) and Asynchronous Traffic Shaping (ATS), as proposed by the Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) standardization group. ATS is an implementation of the Interleaved Regulator, which reshapes traffic in the network before admitting it into a CBS buffer, thus avoiding burstiness cascades. Due to the interleaved regulator, traffic is reshaped at every switch, which allows for the computation of explicit delay and backlog bounds. Furthermore, we obta…
Sophisticated traffic analytics, such as the encrypted traffic analytics and unknown malware detection, emphasizes the need for advanced methods to analyze the network traffic. Traditional methods of using fixed patterns, signature matching, and rules to detect known patterns in network traffic are being replaced with AI (Artificial Intelligence) driven algorithms. However, the absence of a high-performance AI networking-specific framework makes deploying real-time AI-based processing within networking workloads impossible. In this paper, we describe the design of Traffic Analytics Development…
With onboard operating systems becoming increasingly common in vehicles, the real-time broadband infotainment and Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) service applications in fast-motion vehicles become ever demanding, which are highly expected to significantly improve the efficiency and safety of our daily on-road lives. The emerging ITS and vehicular applications, e.g., trip planning, however, require substantial efforts on the real-time pervasive information collection and big data processing so as to provide quick decision making and feedbacks to the fast moving vehicles, which thus imp…
Data centres are growing in numbers and size, and their networks expanding to carry larger amounts of traffic. The traffic profile is constantly varying, particularly in cloud data centres where tenants arrive, leave, and may change their resource requirements in between, and so the network configuration must change at a commensurate rate. Software-Defined Networking - programmatic control of network configuration - has been critical to meeting the demands of modern data centre network management, and has been the subject of intense focus by the research community, working in conjunction with …
In the creation of a smart future information society, Internet of Things (IoT) and Content Centric Networking (CCN) break two key barriers for both the front-end sensing and back-end networking. However, we still observe the missing piece of the research that dominates the current networking traffic control and system management, e.g., lacking of the knowledge penetrated into both sensing and networking to glue them holistically. In this paper, we envision to leverage emerging machine learning or deep learning techniques to create aspects of knowledge for facilitating the designs. In particul…
Data center applications use multicast as an effective method to reduce bandwidth cost. However, traditional multicast protocols designed for IP networks are usually bottlenecked by the limited state capacity on switches. In this paper, we propose a scalable multicast solution on fat tree networks based on the observation that data center multicast traffic has strong heterogeneity. We propose to remove the multicast management logic from switches and use the SDN controller to manage multicast groups. The proposed Dual-structure Multicast (DuSM) determines elephant and mice groups according to …
As new networking paradigms emerge for different networking applications, e.g., cyber-physical systems, and different services are handled under a converged data link technology, e.g., Ethernet, certain applications with mission critical traffic cannot coexist on the same physical networking infrastructure using traditional Ethernet packet-switched networking protocols. The IEEE 802.1Q Time Sensitive Networking (TSN) task group is developing protocol standards to provide deterministic properties on Ethernet based packet-switched networks. In particular, the IEEE 802.1Qcc, centralized managemen…
Software-Defined Networking (SDN) allows to control the available network resources by an intelligent and centralized authority in order to optimize traffic flows in a flexible manner. However, centralized control may face scalability issues when the network size or the number of traffic flows increases. Also, a centralized controller may form a single point of failure, thereby affecting the network resilience. This article provides an overview of SDN that focuses on (1) scalability concerning the increased control overhead faced by a central controller, and (2) resiliency in terms of protecti…
In order to improve future network performance, this paper proposes scalable intelligence-enabled networking (SIEN) with eliminating traffic redundancy for audio-visual-tactile Internet in 5G scenarios such as enhanced mobile broadband, ultra-reliable and low latency communication, and massive machine-type communication. The SIEN consists of an intelligent management plane (ImP), an intelligence-enabled plane (IeP), a control plane and a user plane. For the ImP, the containers with decision execution are constructed by a novel graph algorithm to organize objects such as network elements and re…
We present the University at Buffalo's Airborne Networking and Communications Testbed (UB-ANC Drone). UB-ANC Drone is an open software/hardware platform that aims to facilitate rapid testing and repeatable comparative evaluation of airborne networking and communications protocols at different layers of the protocol stack. It combines quadcopters capable of autonomous flight with sophisticated command and control capabilities and embedded software-defined radios (SDRs), which enable flexible deployment of novel communications and networking protocols. This is in contrast to existing airborne ne…
Software-Defined Networking (SDN) enables flexible network resource allocations for traffic engineering, but at the same time the scalability problem becomes more serious since traffic is more difficult to be aggregated. Those crucial issues in SDN have been studied for unicast but have not been explored for multicast traffic, and addressing those issues for multicast is more challenging since the identities and the number of members in a multicast group can be arbitrary. In this paper, therefore, we propose a new multicast tree for SDN, named Branch-aware Steiner Tree (BST). The BST problem i…
Research testbed fabrics have potential to support long-lived, evolving, interdomain experiments, including opt-in application traffic across multiple campuses and edge sites. We propose abstractions and security infrastructure to facilitate multi-domain networking, and a reusable controller toolkit (ExoPlex) for network service providers (NSPs) running in testbed-hosted virtual network slices. We demonstrate the idea on the ExoGENI testbed, which allows slices to interconnect and exchange traffic over peering links by mutual consent. Each ExoPlex NSP runs a peering controller that manages its…
Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) is one of the most prevalent attacks that an organizational network infrastructure comes across nowadays. We propose a deep learning based multi-vector DDoS detection system in a software-defined network (SDN) environment. SDN provides flexibility to program network devices for different objectives and eliminates the need for third-party vendor-specific hardware. We implement our system as a network application on top of an SDN controller. We use deep learning for feature reduction of a large set of features derived from network traffic headers. We evaluate…
Foundational models have caused a paradigm shift in the way artificial intelligence (AI) systems are built. They have had a major impact in natural language processing (NLP), and several other domains, not only reducing the amount of required labeled data or even eliminating the need for it, but also significantly improving performance on a wide range of tasks. We argue foundation models can have a similar profound impact on network traffic analysis, and management. More specifically, we show that network data shares several of the properties that are behind the success of foundational models …
Content-Centric Networking (CCN) is a concept being considered as a potential future alternative to, or replacement for, today's Internet IP-style packet-switched host-centric networking. One factor making CCN attractive is its focus on content distribution, which dominates current Internet traffic and which is arguably not well-served by IP. Named Data Networking (NDN) is a prominent example of CCN. It is also one of several on-going research efforts aiming to design and develop a full-blown candidate future Internet architecture. Although NDN's primary motivation is content distribution, it …
Owning to the sub-standards being developed by IEEE Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) Task Group, the traditional IEEE 802.1 Ethernet is enhanced to support real-time dependable communications for future time- and safety-critical applications. Several sub-standards have been recently proposed that introduce various traffic shapers (e.g., Time-Aware Shaper (TAS), Asynchronous Traffic Shaper (ATS), Credit-Based Shaper (CBS), Strict Priority (SP)) for flow control mechanisms of queuing and scheduling, targeting different application requirements. These shapers can be used in isolation or in combina…
The digitalization of manufacturing processes is expected to lead to a growing interconnection of production sites, as well as machines, tools and work pieces. In the course of this development, new use-cases arise which have challenging requirements from a communication technology point of view. In this paper we propose a communication network architecture for Industry 4.0 applications, which combines new 5G and non-cellular wireless network technologies with existing (wired) fieldbus technologies on the shop floor. This architecture includes the possibility to use private and public mobile n…
This technical report is a catalog of two applications that have been enhanced and developed to augment vehicular networking research. The first application is already described in our previous work [21], while the second one is a desktop application that was developed as a publicly-hosted web app which allows any Internet-connected device to remotely monitor a roadway intersection's state over HTTP. This collaborative work was completed under and for the utility of ETSU's Vehicular Networking Lab. It can serve as a basis for further development in the field of connected and autonomous vehicle…
In order to cope with the explosive growth of data traffic which is associated with a wide plethora of emerging applications and services that are expected to be used by both ordinary users and vertical industries, the congestion control mechanism is considered to be vital. In this paper, we proposed a congestion control mechanism that could function within the framework of Multi-Access Edge Computing (MEC). The proposed mechanism is aiming to make real-time decisions for selectively buffering traffic while taking network condition and Quality of Service (QoS) into consideration. In order to s…
Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks have plagued the Internet for decades, but the basic defense approaches have not fundamentally changed. Rather, the size and rate of growth in attacks have actually outpaced carriers' and DDoS mitigation services' growth, calling for new solutions that can be, partially or fully, deployed imminently and exhibit effectiveness. In this paper, we examine the basic functions in Named Data Networking (NDN), a newly proposed Internet architecture, that can address the principle weaknesses in today's IP networks. We demonstrate by a new DDoS mitigation sol…
Current designs of future In-Vehicle Networks (IVN) prepare for switched Ethernet backbones, which can host advanced LAN technologies such as IEEE Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) and Software-Defined Networking (SDN). In this paper, we present an integrated Time-Sensitive Software-Defined Networking (TSSDN) architecture that simultaneously enables control of synchronous and asynchronous real-time and best-effort communication for all IVN traffic classes. Despite the central SDN controller, we can validate that control can operate without a delay penalty for TSN traffic, provided protocols are …
With smart devices, particular smartphones, becoming our everyday companions, the ubiquitous mobile Internet and computing applications pervade people's daily lives. With the surge demand on high-quality mobile services at anywhere, how to address the ubiquitous user demand and accommodate the explosive growth of mobile traffics is the key issue of the next generation mobile networks. The Fog computing is a promising solution towards this goal. Fog computing extends cloud computing by providing virtualized resources and engaged location-based services to the edge of the mobile networks so as t…
Software Defined Networking (SDN) is a new networking architecture which aims to provide better decoupling between network control (control plane) and data forwarding functionalities (data plane). This separation introduces several benefits, such as a directly programmable and (virtually) centralized network control. However, researchers showed that the required communication channel between the control and data plane of SDN creates a potential bottleneck in the system, introducing new vulnerabilities. Indeed, this behavior could be exploited to mount powerful attacks, such as the control plan…
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) play a major role in the expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT) market as they allow the deployment of low cost and low power networks possibly in large areas. The introduction of the 6LoWPAN standard allowed WSN to move into the IPv6 era, with a seamless integration of sensors into external networks. The recent application of IoT in industrial systems is now introducing new traffic patterns - machine to machine (M2M) above the others - and communication challenges that can modify the classical multipoint-to-point pattern of WSN, having the sink as the root o…
Indian Institute of Technology Madras（印度理工学院马德拉斯分校）
This article presents a primer/overview of applications of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning (AI/ML) techniques to address problems in the domain of computer networking. In particular, the techniques have been used to support efficient and accurate traffic prediction, traffic classification, anomaly detection, network management, network security, network resource allocation and optimization, network scheduling algorithms, fault diagnosis and many more such applications. The article first summarizes some of the key networking concepts and a few representative machine learning techni…
Beyond 5G networks are expected to support massive traffic through decentralized solutions and advanced networking mechanisms. This paper aims at contributing towards this vision through the integration of device-centric wireless networks, including Device-to-Device (D2D) communications, and the Next Generation of Opportunistic networking (NGO). This integration offers multiple communication modes such as opportunistic cellular and opportunistic D2D-aided communications. Previous studies have demonstrated the potential and benefits of this integration in terms of energy efficiency, spectral ef…
The introduction of SDN in IP backbones requires the coexistence of regular IP forwarding and SDN based forwarding. The former is typically applied to best effort Internet traffic, the latter can be used for different types of advanced services (VPNs, Virtual Leased Lines, Traffic Engineering...). In this paper we first introduce the architecture and the services of an "hybrid" IP/SDN networking scenario. Then we describe the design and implementation of an Open Source Hybrid IP/SDN (OSHI) node. It combines Quagga for OSPF routing and Open vSwitch for OpenFlow based switching on Linux. The ava…
The past 15 years have seen the rise of the Cloud, along with rapid increase in Internet backbone traffic and more sophisticated cellular core networks. There are three different types of Clouds: (1) data center, (2) backbone IP network and (3) cellular core network, responsible for computation, storage, communication and network management. Now the functions of these three types of Clouds are descending to be among or near the end users, i.e., to the edge of networks, as Fog. This article presents an overview on research opportunities of Fog networking: an architecture that users one or a col…
Today, deployment of optical fiber has offered large transmission capacity which cannot be efficiently utilized by the electronic switches. Rather, Integrated Hybrid Optical Network (IHON) is a promising approach which combines both packet and circuit switching techniques. As a result, it achieves efficient utilization of the bulk capacity and guarantees absolute Quality of Service (QoS) by optimizing the advantages of the two switching schemes while diminishing their disadvantages. Transpacket has developed a Fusion node implementing IHON principles in Ethernet for the data plane. Hence, this…
Multi-Access Edge Computing (MEC) will allow implementing low-latency services that have been unfeasible so far. The European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) and the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) are working towards the standardization of MEC in 5G networks and the corresponding solutions for routing user traffic to applications in local area networks. Nevertheless, there are neither practical implementations for dynamically relocating applications from the core to a MEC host nor from one MEC host to another ensuring service continuity. In this paper we propose a solu…
Institute for Informatics and Telematics, National Research Council（国家研究委员会信息与远程信息处理研究所）
The widespread diffusion of mobile phones is triggering an exponential growth of mobile data traffic that is likely to cause, in the near future, considerable traffic overload issues even in last-generation cellular networks. Offloading part of the traffic to other networks is considered a very promising approach and, in particular, in this paper, we consider offloading through opportunistic networks of users' devices. However, the performance of this solution strongly depends on the pattern of encounters between mobile nodes, which should therefore be taken into account when designing offload…
Data center networking is the central infrastructure of the modern information society. However, benchmarking them is very challenging as the real-world network traffic is difficult to model, and Internet service giants treat the network traffic as confidential. Several industries have published a few publicly available network traces. However, these traces are collected from specific data center environments, e.g., applications, network topology, protocols, and hardware devices, and thus cannot be scaled to different users, underlying technologies, and varying benchmarking requirements. This …
Software defined networking (SDN) has emerged as a promising paradigm for making the control of communication networks flexible. SDN separates the data packet forwarding plane, i.e., the data plane, from the control plane and employs a central controller. Network virtualization allows the flexible sharing of physical networking resources by multiple users (tenants). Each tenant runs its own applications over its virtual network, i.e., its slice of the actual physical network. The virtualization of SDN networks promises to allow networks to leverage the combined benefits of SDN networking and n…
As one of the most promising applications in future Internet of Things, Internet of Vehicles (IoV) has been acknowledged as a fundamental technology for developing the Intelligent Transportation Systems in smart cities. With the emergence of the sixth generation (6G) communications technologies, massive network infrastructures will be densely deployed and the number of network nodes will increase exponentially, leading to extremely high energy consumption. There has been an upsurge of interest to develop the green IoV towards sustainable vehicular communication and networking in the 6G era. In…
Passive optical network (PON) technology offers an attractive cost-efficient alternative to support 5G and Beyond 5G mobile network fronthauling (MFH). However, MFH for such networks is challenging given its high bandwidth and strict latency requirements. To reduce these requirements, radio access network (RAN) functional splitting has been introduced in 5G networks; this provides more flexibility in resource allocation since the protocol stack is distributed between the centralized and the distributed units. In contrast to the conventional MFH requirement of the RF-PHY splitting, the MFH traf…
Future wireless networks will be characterized by heterogeneous traffic requirements. Such requirements can be low-latency or minimum-throughput. Therefore, the network has to adjust to different needs. Usually, users with low-latency requirements have to deliver their demand within a specific time frame, i.e., before a deadline, and they co-exist with throughput oriented users. In addition, the users are mobile and they share the same wireless channel. Therefore, they have to adjust their power transmission to achieve reliable communication. However, due to the limited power budget of wireles…
Being a state-of-the-art network, Software Defined Networking (SDN) decouples control and management planes from data plane of the forwarding devices by implementing both the control and management planes at logically centralized entity, called controller. This helps to make simple and easy both the network control and management. Failure of links occurs frequently in a computer network. To deal with the link failures, the existing approaches computes and installs multiple paths for a flow at the switches in SDN without considering the reliability value of the primary path. This incurs extra c…
During the last few years, there has been plenty of research for reducing energy consumption in telecommunication infrastructure. However, many of the proposals remain unim-plemented due to the lack of flexibility in legacy networks. In this paper we demonstrate how the software defined networking (SDN) capabilities of current networking equipment can be used to implement some of these energy saving algorithms. In particular, we developed an ONOS application to realize an energy-aware traffic scheduler to a bundle link made up of Energy Efficient Ethernet (EEE) links between two SDN switches. …
Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya（加泰罗尼亚理工大学）；CA Technologies（CA科技公司）
In this paper we design and evaluate a Deep-Reinforcement Learning agent that optimizes routing. Our agent adapts automatically to current traffic conditions and proposes tailored configurations that attempt to minimize the network delay. Experiments show very promising performance. Moreover, this approach provides important operational advantages with respect to traditional optimization algorithms.
Future in-vehicular networks will be based on Ethernet. The IEEE Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) is a promising candidate to satisfy real-time requirements in future car communication. Software-Defined Networking (SDN) extends the Ethernet control plane with a programming option that can add much value to the resilience, security, and adaptivity of the automotive environment. In this work, we derive a first concept for combining Software-Defined Networking with Time-Sensitive Networking along with an initial evaluation. Our measurements are performed via a simulation that investigates whether …
