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arXiv 1108.2682quant-ph
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经典动力学领域中的不确定关系

Uncertainty relations in the realm of classical dynamics

A. R. Usha Devi, H. S. Karthik

摘要:

一般认为,经典区域是作为量子理论的一个极限情况出现的。以更透明的方式探索这种量子-经典对应关系是深入理解基础方面的核心,并且从量子理论的早期开始就吸引了大量的关注。虽然经常强调量子到经典的转变发生在hbar趋于零的极限,但在某些物理环境中,它的适用性已经提出了一些异议。埃塞尔菲斯特定理是另一个被广泛讨论的经典极限-然而,它的不足之处也在具体的例子中被指出。有人提出,由于量子机械波函数继承了固有的统计行为,它的经典极限必须对应于经典系综-而不是单个粒子。这就提出了一个问题:“在量子和经典领域中,规范观测量的不确定性关系如何比较?“在本文中,我们探讨了量子系统定态中的不确定性关系与相应的经典系综中的不确定性关系之间的相似之处。我们把自己限制在一维保守系统和显示,适当定义的无量纲物理量的帮助下,第一和第二时刻的典型的观测值匹配彼此在经典和量子描述-导致在一个相同的结构,在这两个领域的不确定性关系。

英文摘要:

It is generally believed that classical regime emerges as a limiting case of quantum theory. Exploring such quantum-classical correspondences in a more transparent manner is central to the deeper understanding of foundational aspects and has attracted a great deal of attention - starting from the early days of quantum theory. While it is often highlighted that quantum to classical transition occurs in the limit hbar tending to zero, several objections have been raised about its suitability in some physical contexts. Ehrenfest's theorem is another widely discussed classical limit - however, its inadequacy has also been pointed out in specific examples. It has been proposed that since a quantum mechanical wave function inherits an intrinsic statistical behavior, its classical limit must correspond to a classical ensemble - not an individual particle. This opens up the question "how would uncertainty relations of canonical observables compare themselves in quantum and classical realms?" In this paper we explore parallels between uncertainty relations in stationary states of quantum systems and that in the corresponding classical ensemble. We confine ourselves to one dimensional conservative systems and show, with the help of suitably defined dimensionless physical quantities, that first and second moments of the canonical observables match with each other in classical and quantum descriptions - resulting in an identical structure for uncertainty relations in both the realms.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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