14 pp, 3 figures. Version 2 matches the version published in Gen. Rel. Grav., references added. Version 3 corrects a factor 3 in Cartan's equations to become 2
We confront Einstein-Cartan's theory with the Hubble diagram. An affirmative answer to the question in the title is compatible with today's supernovae data.
A cosmological approach based on considering a cosmic background with non-zero torsion is shown in order to give an option of explaining a possible phantom evolution, not ruled out according to the current observational data. We revise some aspects of the formal schemes on torsion and, according them, we develop a formalism which can be an interesting alternative for exploring Cosmology.
A cosmological model in an Einstein-Cartan framework endowed with torsion is studied. For a torsion function assumed to be proportional to Hubble expansion function, namely $ϕ=-αH$, the contribution of torsion function as a dark matter component is studied in two different approaches. In the first one, the total matter energy density is altered by torsion coupling $α$, giving rise to an effective dark matter and cosmological constant terms that reproduce quite well the flat cosmic concordance model. In the second approach, starting with just standard baryonic matter plus a cosmological constan…
An extension to the Einstein-Cartan (EC) action is discussed in terms of cosmological solutions. The torsion incorporated in the EC Lagrangian is assumed to be totally anti-symmetric, represented by a time-like axial vector $S^μ$. The dynamics of torsion is invoked by a novel kinetic term. Here we show that this kinetic term gives rise to dark energy, while the quadratic torsion term, emanating from the EC part, represents a stiff fluid that leads to a bouncing cosmology solution. A constraint on the bouncing solution is calculated using cosmological data from different epochs.
Dynamical Resolution of the Cosmic Coincidence Problem in Non-Interacting Holographic Dark Energy via Einstein-Cartan Torsion
Graduate School Department of Physics, Daejin University(大真大学物理学院研究生院);School of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Korea National University of Transportation(韩国交通大学本科文理学院);School of Physics, Korea Institute for Advanced Study(韩国高等研究院物理学院)
We used a stationary torsion balance with a beryllium-aluminum composition dipole to search for ultra low-mass bosonic dark matter coupled to baryon minus lepton number. We set 95% confidence limits on the coupling constant $g_{\rm B-L}$ for bosons with masses between $10^{-18}$ and $10^{-16}$ eV/$c^2$ with the best performance at $m_{\rm DM} = 8\times 10^{-18}$ eV/$c^2$ constraining $g_{B-L}(\hbar c)^{-1/2} < 1 \times 10^{-25}$. This provides a complimentary limit to equivalence-principle experiments that search for ultra low-mass bosons as force-mediating particles.
Within this work, we propose a new generalised quintom dark energy model in the teleparallel alternative of general relativity theory, by considering a non-minimal coupling between the scalar fields of a quintom model with the scalar torsion component $T$ and the boundary term $B$. In the teleparallel alternative of general relativity theory, the boundary term represents the divergence of the torsion vector, $B=2\nabla_μT^μ$, and is related to the Ricci scalar $R$ and the torsion scalar $T$, by the fundamental relation: $R=-T+B$. We have investigated the dynamical properties of the present qui…
Torsion is a non-Riemannian geometrical extension of general relativity that allows including the spin of matter and the twisting of spacetime. Cosmological models with torsion have been considered in the literature to solve problems of either the very early (high redshift $z$) or the present-day Universe. This paper focuses on distinguishable observational signatures of torsion that could not be otherwise explained with a scalar field in pseudo-Riemannian geometry. We show that when torsion is present, the cosmic duality relation between the angular diameter distance, $D_{\mathrm A}$, and the…
It is investigated the cosmological dynamics of scalar-torsion $f(T,ϕ)$ gravity as a dark energy model, where $T$ is the torsion scalar of teleparallel gravity and $ϕ$ is a canonical scalar field. In this context, we are concerned with the phenomenology of the class of models with non-linear coupling to gravity and exponential potential. We obtain the critical points of the autonomous system, along with the stability conditions of each one of them and their cosmological properties. Particularly, we show the existence of new attractors with accelerated expansion, as well as, new scaling solutio…
Einstein-Cartan Gravity with Torsion Field Serving as Origin for Cosmological Constant or Dark Energy Density
我们以标准形式cal-R = R + cal-K^2来分析爱因斯坦-嘉当引力,其中cal-R和R分别是爱因斯坦-嘉当引力和爱因斯坦引力中的Ricci标量曲率,cal-K^2是挠率对扭曲张量cal-K的平方贡献。我们把扭转当作外部的(或背景)场,并表明扭转的爱因斯坦方程的贡献可以解释的扭转能量动量张量,局部守恒的弯曲时空与任意度规或任意引力场要求的比例扭转能量动量张量的度规张量,其协变导数由于度量条件而消失。这使得我们可以宣称,扭转可以作为真空能量密度的起源,由宇宙中的宇宙学常数或暗能量密度给出。这是一个与模型无关的结果,可以解释一个小的宇宙学常数值,这是一个长期存在的宇宙学问题。我们证明了所得结果在Kibble(T. W. B. Kibble,J. Math. Phys. 2,212(1961)),其中爱因斯坦-希尔伯特作用量可以用相同的形式cal-R = R + cal-K^2表示。
The currently accelerated expansion of our Universe is unarguably one of the most intriguing problems in today's physics research. Two realistic non-minimal torsion-matter coupling $f(T)$ models have been established and studied in our previous papers [Phys. Rev. D92, 104038(2015) and Eur. Phys. J. C77, 504(2017)] aiming to explain this "dark energy" problem. In this paper, we study the generalized power-law torsion-matter coupling $f(T)$ model. Dynamical system analysis shows that the three expansion phases of the Universe, i.e. the radiation dominated era, the matter dominated era and the da…
We present a unified description of the matter and dark energy epochs, using a class of scalar-torsion theories. We provide a Hamiltonian description, and by applying Noether's theorem and by requiring the field equations to admit linear-in-momentum conservation laws we obtain two specific classes of scalar-field potentials. We extract analytic solutions and we perform a detailed dynamical analysis. We show that the system possesses critical points that correspond to scaling solutions in which the effective, total equation-of-state parameter is close to zero and points in which it is equal to …
We study the growth of linear matter density perturbations in a modified gravity approach of scalar field couplings with metric and torsion. In the equivalent scalar-tensor formulation, the matter fields in the Einstein frame interact as usual with an effective dark energy component, whose dynamics is presumably governed by a scalar field that sources a torsion mode. As a consequence, the matter density ceases to be self-conserved, thereby making an impact not only on the background cosmological evolution but also on the perturbative spectrum of the local inhomogeneities. In order to estimate …
We present a comparative analysis of current observational constraints on three recently discussed alternative models for explaining the low-redshift acceleration of the universe: the so-called steady-state torsion model, the generalized coupling model, and the scale invariant model by Maeder (an example of a broader class which we also briefly study) These are compared to the traditional parameterization of Chevallier, Polarski and Linder. Each of the candidate models is studied under two different assumptions: as genuine alternatives to $Λ$CDM (where a new degree of freedom would be expected…
We study the evolution of cosmological perturbations around a homogeneous and isotropic background in the framework of the non-minimal torsion-matter coupling extension of $f(T)$ gravity. We are concerned with the effects of the non-minimal coupling term on the growth of matter overdensities. Under the quasi-static approximation, we derive the equation which governs the evolution of matter density perturbations, and it is shown that the effective gravitational coupling 'constant' acquires an additional contribution due to the non-minimal matter-torsion coupling term. In this way, this result g…
This article studies the effects of an arbitrary dark matter spin tensor on the propagation of gravitational wave amplitude in the context of Einstein-Cartan theory. We choose to work with an arbitrary spin tensor because, given our ignorance of the nature of dark matter, it is sensible not to make further hypotheses on its spin and not to assume any particular model for its spin tensor (or its vanishing). The analysis focuses on a \textquotedblleft weak-torsion regime,\textquotedblright\ such that gravitational wave emission, at leading and subleading orders, does not deviate from standard Ge…
Search for Ultralight Axion Dark Matter with a Levitated Ferromagnetic Torsional Oscillator
School of Physics, Hefei University of Technology(合肥工业大学物理学院);National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University(南京大学固体微结构物理国家重点实验室和物理系)
We study the viability conditions for the absence of ghost, gradient and tachyonic instabilities, in scalar-torsion $f(T,ϕ)$ gravity theories in the presence of a general barotropic perfect fluid. To describe the matter sector, we use the Sorkin-Schutz action and then calculate the second order action for scalar perturbations. For the study of ghost and gradient instabilities, we found that the gravity sector keeps decoupled from the matter sector and then applied the viability conditions for each one separately. Particularly, we verified that this theory is free from ghost and gradient instab…
Two exotic elements have been introduced into the standard cosmological model: non-baryonic dark matter and dark energy. The success in converting a hypothesis into a solid theory depends strongly on whether we are able to solve the problems in explaining observations with these dark elements and whether the solutions of these problems are unique within the standard paradigm without recourse to alternative scenarios. We have not achieved that success yet because of numerous inconsistencies, mainly on galactic scales, the non-detection so far of candidate particles for dark matter, and the exis…