$Λ$的替代方案：扭转、广义耦合和尺度不变性
Alternatives to $Λ$: Torsion, Generalized Couplings, and Scale Invariance
摘要：
我们提出了一个比较分析目前的观测约束的三个最近讨论的替代模型来解释宇宙的低红移加速：所谓的稳态扭转模型，广义耦合模型，并由Maeder的尺度不变模型（一个例子，更广泛的类，我们也简要地研究）这些相比，传统的参数化的Chevallier，Polarski和林德。每一个候选模型都在两个不同的假设下进行研究：作为$Λ$ CDM的真正替代品（其中一个新的自由度将被期望来解释最近的宇宙加速而没有任何宇宙学常数）和作为$Λ$ CDM的参数扩展（其中宇宙学常数和新机制可以共存，两者的相对贡献由数据决定）。我们的比较分析表明，从现象学的角度来看，所有这些模型整齐地分为两类，具有不同的观测结果。
英文摘要：
We present a comparative analysis of current observational constraints on three recently discussed alternative models for explaining the low-redshift acceleration of the universe: the so-called steady-state torsion model, the generalized coupling model, and the scale invariant model by Maeder (an example of a broader class which we also briefly study) These are compared to the traditional parameterization of Chevallier, Polarski and Linder. Each of the candidate models is studied under two different assumptions: as genuine alternatives to $Λ$CDM (where a new degree of freedom would be expected to explain the recent acceleration of the universe without any cosmological constant) and as parametric extensions of $Λ$CDM (where both a cosmological constant and the new mechanism can coexist, and the relative contributions of both are determined by the data). Our comparative analysis suggests that, from a phenomenological point of view, all such models neatly divide into two classes, with different observational consequences.
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