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arXiv 1012.0681quant-ph
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非平衡涨落耗散不等式与非平衡不确定原理

Non-Equilibrium Fluctuation-Dissipation Inequality and Non-Equilibrium Uncertainty Principle

C. H. Fleming, B. L. Hu, Albert Roura

摘要:

波动耗散关系通常是在线性响应理论的背景下,在有限温度下与热浴相互作用的系统中制定的,其中仅考虑与平均值的微小偏差。我们证明了一个开放量子系统与非平衡环境相互作用时,温度不再是一个有效的概念,涨落耗散不等式存在。明确地说,量子涨落被量子耗散限制在下面,而经典的涨落可以消失。这个不等式的下界是由(零温度)量子噪声精确满足的,并且无论是在微观起源还是在对系统的影响上都符合海森堡不确定原理.在弱阻尼极限下,非平衡涨落耗散关系决定了非平衡测不准关系。

英文摘要:

The fluctuation-dissipation relation is usually formulated for a system interacting with a heat bath at finite temperature in the context of linear response theory, where only small deviations from the mean are considered. We show that for an open quantum system interacting with a non-equilibrium environment, where temperature is no longer a valid notion, a fluctuation-dissipation inequality exists. Clearly stated, quantum fluctuations are bounded below by quantum dissipation, whereas classically the fluctuations can be made to vanish. The lower bound of this inequality is exactly satisfied by (zero-temperature) quantum noise and is in accord with the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, both in its microscopic origins and its influence upon systems. Moreover, it is shown that the non-equilibrium fluctuation-dissipation relation determines the non-equilibrium uncertainty relation in the weak-damping limit.

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