In this paper, we shall describe the graded canonical module of a Noetherian multi-section ring of a normal projective variety. In particular, in the case of the Cox ring, we prove that the graded canonical module is a graded free module of rank one with the shift of degree $K_X$. We shall give two kinds of proofs. The first one utilizes the equivariant twisted inverse functor developed by the first author. The second proof is down-to-earth, that avoids the twisted inverse functor.
Cox rings of normal varieties are factorially graded, i.e. homogeneous elements allow a unique decomposition into homogeneous factors. We study this property from an algebraic point of view and give a criterion which in a sense reduces it to factoriality. This will allow us to detect and construct Cox rings in a purely algebraic manner.
Generalized Cox's construction associates with an algebraic variety a remarkable invariant -- its total coordinate ring, or Cox ring. In this note we give a new proof of factoriality of the Cox ring when the divisor class group of the variety is finitely generated and free. The proof is based on a notion of graded factoriality. We show that if the divisor class group has torsion, then the Cox ring is again factorially graded, but factoriality may be lost.
We prove that a Mori dream space over a field of characteristic zero is of Calabi-Yau type if and only if its Cox ring has at worst log canonical singularities. By slightly modifying the arguments we also reprove the characterization of the varieties of Fano type by the log terminality of the Cox rings.
We give a large family of weighted projective planes, blown up at a smooth point, that do not have finitely generated Cox rings. We then use the method of Castravet and Tevelev to prove that the moduli space of stable n-pointed genus zero curves does not have a finitely generated Cox ring if n is at least 13.
We show that every Mori dream space of globally $F$-regular type is of Fano type. As an application, we give a characterization of varieties of Fano type in terms of the singularities of their Cox rings.
In this expository note we discuss a class of graded algebras named Cox rings, which are naturally associated to algebraic varieties generalizing the homogeneous coordinate rings of projective spaces. Whenever the Cox ring is finitely generated, the variety admits a quotient presentation by a quasitorus, which resembles the quotient construction of the projective space. We discuss the problem of the finite generation of Cox rings from a geometric perspective and provide examples of both the finitely and non-finitely generated cases.
We bring examples of toric varieties blown up at a point in the torus that do not have finitely generated Cox rings. These examples are generalizations of previous work where toric surfaces of Picard number 1 were studied. In this article we consider toric varieties of higher Picard number and higher dimension. In particular, we bring examples of weighted projective 3-spaces blown up at a point that do not have finitely generated Cox rings.
Let X be a smooth projective variety with torsion-free Picard group. We introduce complexes of vector spaces whose homology determines the structure of the minimal free resolution of the Cox ring of X over the polynomial ring and show how the homology of these complexes can be studied by purely geometric methods. As an application of these techniques we give a simple new proof of a characterization of the Cox rings of Del Pezzo surfaces (of degree >1) conjectured by Batyrev and Popov.
We introduce the notion of monomial group action and study some of its consequences for Groebner basis theory. As an application we prove a conjecture of V. Batyrev and O. Popov describing the Cox rings of Del Pezzo surfaces (of degree at least 3) as quotients of a polynomial ring by an ideal generated by quadrics.
We study the Cox ring of the moduli space of stable pointed rational curves, \M_{0,n}, via the closely related permutohedral (or Losev-Manin) spaces. Our main result establishes \binom{n}{2} polynomial subrings of the Cox ring, thus giving collections of boundary variables that intersect the ideal of relations trivially. As applications, we give a combinatorial way to partially solve the Riemann-Roch problem for \M_{0,n}, and we show that all relations in degrees of Cox(\M_{0,6}) arising from certain pull-backs from projective spaces are generated by the Plucker relations.
Let X be a del Pezzo surface of degree one over an algebraically closed field (of any characteristic), and let Cox(X) be its total coordinate ring. We prove the missing case of a conjecture of Batyrev and Popov, which states that Cox(X) is a quadratic algebra. We use a complex of vector spaces whose homology determines part of the structure of the minimal free Pic(X)-graded resolution of Cox(X) over a polynomial ring. We show that sufficiently many Betti numbers of this minimal free resolution vanish to establish the conjecture.
We show that finitely generated Cox rings are Gorenstein. This leads to a refined characterization of varieties of Fano type: they are exactly those projective varieties with Gorenstein canonical quasicone Cox ring. We then show that for varieties of Fano type and Kawamata log terminal quasicones, iteration of Cox rings is finite with factorial master Cox ring. Moreover, we prove a relative version of Cox ring iteration for almost principal solvable $G$-bundles.
We compute the relations in the Cox ring of the moduli space $\overline{M}_{0,6}$. This gives a presentation of the Cox ring as a quotient of a polynomial ring with 40 generators by an ideal with 225 generators that come in 5 symmetry classes.
The Cox ring of a so-called Mori Dream Space (MDS) is finitely generated and it is graded over the divisor class group. Hence the spectrum of the Cox ring comes with an action of an algebraic torus whose GIT quotient is the variety in question. We present the associated description of this Cox ring as a polyhedral divisor. Via the shape of its polyhedral coefficients, it connects the equivariant structure of the Cox ring with the world of stable loci and stable multiplicities of linear systems.
We investigate Cox rings of symplectic resolutions of quotients of $\mathbb{C}^{2n}$ by finite symplectic group actions. We propose a finite generating set of the Cox ring of a symplectic resolution and prove that under a condition concerning monomial valuations it is sufficient. Also, three 4-dimensional examples are described in detail. Generators of the (expected) Cox rings of symplectic resolutions are computed and in one case a resolution is constructed as a GIT quotient of the spectrum of the Cox ring.
We prove that the Cox ring of $\bar{M}_{0,6}$, the moduli space of stable, rational curves with 6 marked points, is finitely generated by sections corresponding to the boundary divisors and divisors which are pull-backs of the hyperelliptic locus in $\bar{M}_3$, the moduli space of stable, genus 3 curves, via morphisms that send a 6-pointed rational curve to a curve with 3 nodes by identifying 3 pairs of points. In particular, this gives a self-contained proof of Hassett and Tschinkel's result about the effective cone of $\bar{M}_{0,6}$ being generated by the above mentioned divisors.
Given the Luna-Vust invariants of a spherical variety, we determine the Luna-Vust invariants of the spectrum of its Cox ring. In particular, we deduce an explicit description of the divisor class group of the Cox ring. It follows that every spherical variety admits iteration of Cox rings. Moreover, we obtain a combinatorial proof of the fact that the Cox ring is determined by the spherical skeleton, which is a known result following from the description of the Cox ring due to Brion. Finally, we show that a conjectural combinatorial smoothness criterion can be reduced to the case of a factorial…
We give an intrinsic characterization of Cox sheaves on Krull schemes in terms of their valuative algebraic properties. We also provide a geometric characterization of their graded relative spectra in terms of good quotients of graded schemes, extending the work of Arzhantsev, Derenthal, Hausen and Laface on relative spectra of Cox sheaves on normal varieties. Moreover, we obtain an irredundant characterization of Cox rings which in turn produces a normality criterion for certain graded rings.
We study generators and relations of Cox rings of K3 surfaces of Picard number two. In particular we consider the Cox rings of classical examples of K3 surfaces, such as quartic surfaces containing a line and elliptic K3 surfaces.
We investigate the Cox ring of a normal complete variety X with algebraic torus action. Our first results relate the Cox ring of X to that of a maximal geometric quotient of X. As a consequence, we obtain a complete description of the Cox ring in terms of generators and relations for varieties with torus action of complexity one. Moreover, we provide a combinatorial approach to the Cox ring using the language of polyhedral divisors. Applied to smooth k*-surfaces, our results give a description of the Cox ring in terms of Orlik-Wagreich graphs. As examples, we explicitly compute the Cox rings o…
In this paper we determine a minimal set of generators for the Cox rings of extremal rational elliptic surfaces. Moreover, we develop a technique for computing the ideal of relations between them which allows, in all but three cases, to provide a presentation of the Cox ring.
We study Cox rings of K3-surfaces. A first result is that a K3-surface has a finitely generated Cox ring if and only if its effective cone is polyhedral. Moreover, we investigate degrees of generators and relations for Cox rings of K3-surfaces of Picard number two, and explicitly compute the Cox rings of generic K3-surfaces with a non-symplectic involution that have Picard number 2 to 5 or occur as double covers of del Pezzo surfaces.
Given a surjective morphism $π\colon X\to Y$ of normal varieties satisfying some regularity hypotheses we prove how to recover a Cox ring of the generic fiber of $π$ from the Cox ring of $X$. As a corollary we show that in some cases it is also possible to recover the Cox ring of a very general fiber, and finally we give an application in the case of the blowing-up of a toric fiber space.
We investigate Cox rings of minimal resolutions of surface quotient singularities and provide two descriptions of these rings. The first one is the equation for the spectrum of a Cox ring, which is a hypersurface in an affine space. The second is the set of generators of the Cox ring viewed as a subring of the coordinate ring of a product of a torus and another surface quotient singularity. In addition, we obtain an explicit description of the minimal resolution as a divisor in a toric variety.
We study Cox rings of normal threefolds on which SL2 acts with a dense orbit. Exploiting the method of U-invariants, we obtain combinatorial criteria for the total coordinate space and the base variety to have log terminal singularities. Then, we investigate the iteration of Cox rings and obtain a bound on its length. Finally, we develop a general approach to the description of the Cox ring by generators and relations which is effective for normal SL2 /$μ$n-embeddings.
We define the equivariant Cox ring of a normal variety with algebraic group action. We study algebraic and geometric aspects of this object and show how it is related to the ordinary Cox ring. Then, we specialize to the case of normal rational varieties of complexity one under the action of a connected reductive group G. We show that the G-equivariant Cox ring is then a finitely generated integral normal G-algebra. Under a mild additional condition, we give a presentation by generators and relations of its subalgebra of U-invariants, where U is the unipotent part of a Borel subgroup of G. The …
We compute the Cox rings of the blow-ups $\mathrm{Bl}_Δ(X'\times X')$ and $\mathrm{Bl}_Δ(\mathbb P_1^n)$ where $X'$ is a product of projective spaces and $Δ$ is the (generalised) diagonal.
We show that the blow-up of P^2 in n points on a line has finitely generated Cox ring. We give explicit generators for the ring and calculate its defining ideal of relations.
We present an elementary inductive argument proving that a certain subring of the Cox ring of the moduli space $\overline{M}_{0,n}$ of stable rational curves with $n$ marked points is finitely generated for every $n \ge 3$.
We develop a method of finding a Cox ring of a crepant resolution of a quotient singularity with a torus action and apply it to examples of symplectic quotient singularities in dimension 4. In addition we obtain a bound on the degrees of homogeneous generators of the Cox ring in a more general setup, based on the multigraded Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity and Kawamata-Viehweg vanishing.
We consider modifications, for example blow ups, of Mori dream spaces and provide algorithms for investigating the effect on the Cox ring, e.g. testing finite generation or computing an explicit presentation in terms of generators and relations. As a first application, we compute the Cox rings of all Gorenstein log del Pezzo surfaces of Picard number one. Moreover, we show computationally that all smooth rational surfaces of Picard number at most six are Mori dream surfaces and we provide explicit presentations of the Cox ring for those not admitting a torus action. Finally, we provide the Cox…
We study the Cox realization of an affine variety, i.e., a canonical representation of a normal affine variety with finitely generated divisor class group as a quotient of a factorially graded affine variety by an action of the Neron-Severi quasitorus. The realization is described explicitly for the quotient space of a linear action of a finite group. A universal property of this realization is proved, and some results on the divisor theory of an abstract semigroup emerging in this context are given. We show that each automorphism of an affine variety can be lifted to an automorphism of the Co…
In this paper we investigate the relation between the finite generation of the Cox ring R(X) of a smooth projective surface X and its anticanonical Iitaka dimension k(-K_X).
Let S_r be the blow-up of P^2 in r general points, i.e., a smooth Del Pezzo surface of degree 9-r. For r <= 7, we determine the quadratic equations defining its Cox ring explicitly. The ideal of the relations in Cox(S_8) is calculated up to radical. As conjectured by Batyrev and Popov, all the generating relations are quadratic.
In this note we introduce Cox rings of singularities and explicitly compute them in the case of du Val singularities $\mathbb{D}_n,\mathbb{E}_6,\mathbb{E}_7$ and $\mathbb{E}_8$.
For a smooth Del Pezzo surface the direct sum of global sections of all isomorphism classes of invertible sheaves on it can be almost canonically endowed with a ring structure, called the Cox ring. We show that in characteristic 0 this ring is Gorenstein and its spectrum has rational singularities. Also a gap in math.AG/0309111 is pointed out.
The Cox rings of del Pezzo surfaces are closely related to the Lie groups E_n. In this paper, we generalize the definition of Cox rings to G- surfaces defined by us earlier, where the Lie groups G=A_n, D_n or E_n. We show that the Cox ring of a G-surface S is almost determined by an irreducible representation V of G, and is generated by degree one elements. The Proj of this ring is a sub-variety of the orbit of the highest weight vector in V, and both are closed sub-varieties of the projective space P(V) defined by quadratic equations.
Let G be a connected reductive group and G/H a spherical homogeneous space. We show that the ideal of relations between a natural set of generators of the Cox ring of a G-embedding of G/H can be obtained by homogenizing certain equations which depend only on the homogeneous space. Using this result, we describe some examples of spherical homogeneous spaces such that the Cox ring of any of their G-embeddings is defined by one equation.
To study syzygies of the Cox rings of del Pezzo surfaces, we calculate important syzygetic invariants such as the Hilbert functions, the Green-Lazarsfeld indices, the projective dimensions, and the Castelnuovo-Mumford regularities. Using these computations as well as the natural multigrading structures by the Picard groups of del Pezzo surfaces and Weyl group actions on Picard lattices, we determine the Betti diagrams of the Cox rings of del Pezzo surfaces of degree at most four.
We study varieties with a finitely generated Cox ring. In a first part, we generalize a combinatorial approach developed in earlier work for varieties with a torsion free divisor class group to the case of torsion. Then we turn to modifications, e.g., blow ups, and the question how the Cox ring changes under such maps. We answer this question for a certain class of modifications induced from modifications of ambient toric varieties. Moreover, we show that every variety with finitely generated Cox ring can be explicitly constructed in a finite series of toric ambient modifications from a combin…
Let $X$ be a smooth complete Fano variety over $\mathbb{C}$. We show that the Cox ring $\bigoplus_{L\in\text{Pic}(X)}H^0(X,\mathcal{O}_X(L))$ is Gorenstein with canonical singularities.
Let $X$ be a projective K3 surface over $\mathbb C$. We prove that its Cox ring $R(X)$ has a generating set whose degrees are either classes of smooth rational curves, sums of at most three elements of the Hilbert basis of the nef cone, or of the form $2(f+f')$, where $f,f'$ are classes of elliptic fibrations with $f\cdot f'=2$. This result and techniques using Koszul's type exact sequences allow to determine a generating set for the Cox ring of all Mori dream K3 surfaces of Picard number three which is minimal in most cases. A presentation for the Cox ring is given in some special cases with …
Universidad de Concepción（康塞普西翁大学）；Università degli studi di Palermo（巴勒莫大学）
本文研究了在 Mori 梦想空间中嵌入的变种 X 的 Cox 环，假设拉回映射在除子类群水平上诱导同构。通过证明 X 的 Cox 环是 Z 的 Cox 环商像的有限多个局部化的交集，从而给出一个终止当且仅当 X 的 Cox 环有限生成的算法，推广了先前的相关工作，并应用于计算光滑的 toric 变种中的超曲面的 Cox 环。
The aim of this paper is twofold. Firstly, we determine which blow-ups of products of projective spaces at general points are varieties of Fano type, and give boundary divisors making these spaces log Fano pairs. Secondly, we describe generators of the Cox rings of some cases.
We give a definition of Cox rings and Cox sheaves for varieties over nonclosed fields that is compatible with torsors under quasitori, including universal torsors. We study their existence and classification, we make the relation to torsors precise, and we present arithmetic applications.
We study Cox rings of crepant resolutions of quotient singularities $\mathbb{C}^3/G$ where $G$ is a finite subgroup of $SL(3,\mathbb{C})$. We use them to obtain information on the geometric structure of these resolutions, number of different resolutions and relations between them. In particular, we treat explicitly several examples where $G$ contains elements of age 2.
This is the first chapter of an introductory text under construction; further chapters are available via the authors' web pages. Our aim is to provide an elementary access to Cox rings and their applications in algebraic and arithmetic geometry. Any comments and suggestions on this draft will be highly appreciated.
We determine the Cox rings of the minimal resolutions of cubic surfaces with at most rational double points, of blow ups of the projective plane at non-general configurations of six points and of three dimensional smooth Fano varieties of Picard numbers one and two.
Given a morphism $F : X \rightarrow Y$ from a Mori Dream Space $X$ to a smooth Mori Dream Space $Y$ and quasicoherent sheaves $\mathcal{F}$ on $X$ and $\mathcal{G}$ on $Y$ , we describe the inverse image of $\mathcal{G}$ by $F$ and the direct image of $\mathcal{F}$ by $F$ in terms of the corresponding modules over the Cox rings graded in the class groups.
