Bui Xuan Hai, Dang Vu Phuong Ha
Let $D$ be a division ring and $D^*$ be the multiplicative group of $D$. In this paper we study locally solvable maximal subgroups of $D^*$.
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We give an example of a division ring $D$ whose multiplicative commutator subgroup does not generate $D$ as a vector space over its centre, thus disproving the conjecture posed in the paper "Vector space generated by the multiplicative commutators of a division ring, J. Algebra Appl. 12 (2013), no. 8".
We generalize Albert's twisted field construction, applying it to unital division algebras with a multiplicative norm. We give conditions for the resulting algebras to be division algebras.Four- and eight-dimensional real unital and non-unital division algebras with large derivation algebras are constructed out of Hamilton's quaternion and Cayley's octonion algebra.
Let $D$ be a division ring with center $F$, and $G$ a subnormal or quasinormal subgroup of $D^*$. We show that if $G$ is locally solvable, then $G$ is contained in $F$.
Exactly 170 years ago, the construction of the real quaternion algebra by William Hamilton was announced in the Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. It became the first example of non-commutative division rings and a major turning point of algebra. To this day, the multiplicative group structure of quaternion algebras have not completely been understood. This article is a long survey of the recent developments on the multiplicative group structure of division rings.
Let D be a division ring with centre F. Let T(D) be the vector space over F generated by all multiplicative commutators in D. In [1], authors have conjectured that every division ring is generated as a vector space over its centre by all of its multiplicative commutators. In this note it is shown that if D is centrally finite, then the conjecture holds.
Let $D$ be a division ring. In this paper, we investigate properties of subgroups of an arbitrary subnormal subgroup of the multiplicative group $D^*$ of $D$. The new obtained results generalize some previous results on subgroups of $D^*$.
The question of existence of a maximal subgroup in the multiplicative group D* of a division algebra D finite dimensional over its center F is investigated. We prove that if D* has no maximal subgroup, then deg(D) is not a power of 2, F^{*2} is divisible, and for each odd prime p dividing deg(D), there exist noncyclic division algebras of degree p over F.
Let $D$ be a division ring with center $F$, and $G$ a subnormal subgroup of $D^*$. We show that if $G$ is a locally solvable group such that $G^{(i)}$ is algebraic over $F$, then $G$ must be central. Also, if $M$ is non-abelian locally solvable maximal subgroup of $G$ with $M^{(i)}$ algebraic over $F$, then $D$ is a cyclic algebra of prime degree over $F$.
Let $D$ be a division ring with the center $F$ and $D^*$ be the multiplicative group of $D$. In this paper we study locally nilpotent maximal subgroups of $D^*$. We give some conditions that influence the existence of locally nilpotent maximal subgroups in division ring with infinite center. Also, it is shown that if $M$ is a locally nilpotent maximal subgroup that is algebraic over $F$, then either it is the multiplicative group of some maximal subfield of $D$ or it is center by locally finite. If, in addition we assume that $F$ is finite and $M$ is nilpotent, then the second case cannot occu…
This paper, together with a forthcoming paper by the author and Seitz, proves the Margulis-Platonov conjecture concerning the normal subgroup structure of algebraic groups over number fields, in the case of inner forms of anisotropic groups of type $A_n$.
The description of the subgroup structure of a non-commutative division ring is the subject of the intensive study in the theory of division rings in particular, and of the theory of skew linear groups in general. This study is still so far to be complete. In this paper, we study this problem for weakly locally finite division rings. Such division rings constitute a large class which strictly contains the class of locally finite division rings.
In this note, the correction to the proof of one theorem in some our previous paper [arXiv:1302.0589] will be given.
Let $D$ be a division ring with center $F$ and $N$ a subnormal subgroup of the multiplicative group $D^*$ of $D$. Assume that $N$ contains a non-abelian solvable subgroup. In this paper, we study the problem on the existence of non-abelian free subgroups in $N$. In particular, we show that if either $N$ is algebraic over $F$ or $F$ is uncountable, then $N$ contains a non-abelian free subgroup.
On the multiplicative group of a two-sided skew brace of solvable type
研究双侧斜近生的乘法群在加法群可解时的有限商群性质，证明其可解性，并扩展Nasybullov定理至任意可解类型双侧斜近生。
In this paper we prove that every non-central subnormal subgroup of the multiplicative group of a weakly locally finite division ring contains free non-cyclic subgroups.
Meadows have been proposed as alternatives for fields with a purely equational axiomatization. At the basis of meadows lies the decision to make the multiplicative inverse operation total by imposing that the multiplicative inverse of zero is zero. Thus, the multiplicative inverse operation of a meadow is an involution. In this paper, we study `non-involutive meadows', i.e.\ variants of meadows in which the multiplicative inverse of zero is not zero, and pay special attention to non-involutive meadows in which the multiplicative inverse of zero is one.
We study relations between the additive and the multiplicative groups of a two-sided skew brace. In particular, we prove that if the additive group of a two-sided skew brace is finite solvable (respectively, finitely generated nilpotent, finitely generated residually nilpotent, finitely generated residually finite), then the multiplicative group of this skew brace is solvable (respectively, solvable, residually solvable, residually finite). Also, we prove that if the multiplicative group of a two-sided skew brace is nilpotent of nilpotency class $k$, then the additive group of this skew brace …
Let $D$ be a division ring with infinite center, $K$ a proper division subring of $D$ and $N$ an almost subnormal subgroup of the multiplicative group $D^*$ of $D$. The aim of this paper is to show that if $K$ is $N$-invariant and $N$ is non-central, then $K$ is central. Some examples of almost subnormal subgroups in division rings that are not subnormal are also given.
Let $D$ be a division ring infinite-dimensional over its center $k$ with multiplicative group $D^{\times}$. We show that if $D$ belongs to certain families, there exist free symmetric and unitary pairs in $D^{\times}$ with respect to a $k$-involution on $D$.
Let $D$ be a division ring with center $F$. We say that $D$ is a {\em division ring of type $2$} if for every two elements $x, y\in D,$ the division subring $F(x, y)$ is a finite dimensional vector space over $F$. In this paper we investigate multiplicative subgroups in such a ring.
Graded-division algebras are building blocks in the theory of finite-dimensional associative algebras graded by a group G. If G is abelian, they can be described, using a loop construction, in terms of central simple graded-division algebras. On the other hand, given a finite abelian group G, any central simple G-graded-division algebra over a field F is determined, thanks to a result of Picco and Platzeck, by its class in the (ordinary) Brauer group of F and the isomorphism class of a G-Galois extension of F. This connection is used to classify the simple G-Galois extensions of F in terms of …
Locally solvable maximal subgroups in division rings
本文研究除环中几乎次正规子群的极大子群，证明含非交换局部可解极大子群时除环为素数阶循环代数，且局部幂零极大子群必交换。
Let $D$ be a non-commutative division ring, $G$ a subnormal subgroup of ${\mathrm GL}_n(D)$. In this note we show that if $G$ contains a non-abelian solvable maximal subgroup, then $n=1$ and $D$ is a cyclic algebra of prime degree over $F$.
In this paper, we give the definition of {\em weakly locally finite} division rings and we show that the class of these rings strictly contains the class of locally finite division rings. Further, we study multiplicative subgroups in these rings. Some skew linear groups are also considered. Our new obtained results generalize previous results for centrally finite case.
Let $D$ be a division ring with center $F$ and $K$ a division subring of $D$. In this paper, we show that a non-central normal subgroup $N$ of the multiplicative group $D^*$ is left algebraic over $K$ if and only if so is $D$ provided $F$ is uncountable and contained in $K$. Also, if $K$ is a field and the $n$-th derived subgroup $D^{(n)}$ of $D^{*}$ is left algebraic of bounded degree $d$ over $K$, then $\dim_FD\le d^2$.
In this note, we introduce a new concept of a {\it generalized algebraic rational identity} to investigate the structure of division rings. The main theorem asserts that if a non-central subnormal subgroup $N$ of the multiplicative group $D^*$ of a division ring $D$ with center $F$ satisfies a non-trivial generalized algebraic rational identity of bounded degree, then $D$ is a finite dimensional vector space over $F$. This generalizes some previous results.
For any number field K, it is unknown which finite groups appear as Galois groups of extensions L/K such that L is a maximal subfield of a division algebra with center K (a K-division algebra). For K=Q, the answer is described by the long standing Q-admissibility conjecture. We extend a theorem of Neukirch on embedding problems with local constraints in order to determine for every number field K, what finite solvable groups G appear as Galois groups of tame maximal subfields of K-division algebras, generalizing Liedahl's theorem for metacyclic G and Sonn's solution of the Q-admissibility conj…
This paper aims at studying solvable-by-finite and locally solvable maximal subgroups of an almost subnormal subgroup of the general skew linear group $\GL_n(D)$ over a division ring $D$. It turns out that in the case where $D$ is non-commutative, if such maximal subgroups exist, then either it is abelian or $[D:F]<\infty$. Also, if $F$ is an infinite field and $n\geq 5$, then every locally solvable maximal subgroup of a normal subgroup of $\GL_n(F)$ is abelian.
Let $K$ be a field and let $σ$ be an automorphism and let $δ$ be a $σ$-derivation of $K$. Then we show that the multiplicative group of nonzero elements of the division ring $D=K(x;σ,δ)$ contains a free non-cyclic subgroup unless $D$ is commutative, answering a special case of a conjecture of Lichtman. As an application, we show that division algebras formed by taking the Goldie ring of quotients of group algebras of torsion-free non-abelian solvable-by-finite groups always contain free non-cyclic subgroups.
In this paper we study non-central almost subnormal subgroups of the multiplicative group of a division ring satisfying a non-zero generalized rational identity. The main result generalizes Chiba's theorem on subnormal subgroups. As an application, we get a theorem on almost subnormal subgroups satisfying a generalized algebraic rational identity. The last theorem has several corollaries which generalize completely or partially some previous results.
Let D be a division ring finite dimensional over its center F. The goal of this paper is to prove that for any positive integer n there exists a in D^(n); the n-th multiplicative derived subgroup, such that F(a) is a maximal subfield of D. We also show that a single depth-n iterated additive commutator would generate a maximal subfield of D.
Involutive Division Technique: Some Generalizations and Optimizations
本文提出一类由容许单项式序诱导的新对合除法，证明其诺特性与构造性，并基于完成序选择和变量重算提出两种优化，用于高效计算对合格罗布纳基。
Minimal Involutive Bases
本文提出构造极小对合多项式基的算法，定义两种新对合除法并证明其性质，确保算法正确终止，且极小对合基在给定序下唯一，可作典范基。
Let S_n denote the symmetric group on n letters. We consider the S_n-root lattice A_{n-1} = {(z1,...,zn) in Z^n | z1+...+zn = 0}, where S_n acts on Z^n by permuting the coordinates, and its tensor, symmetric, and exterior squares. For odd values of n, we show that the tensor square is equivalent, in the sense of Colliot-Thelene and Sansuc, to the exterior square. Consequently, the rationality problem for generic division algebras, for odd values of n, amounts to proving stable rationality of the multiplicative S_n-invariant field of the exterior square of A_{n-1}. Furthermore, confirming a con…
Let $D$ be a division ring, $n$ a positive integer, and GL$_n(D)$ the general linear group of degree $n$ over $D$. In this paper, we study the induced subgraph of the intersection graph of GL$_n(D)$ generated by all non-trivial proper almost subnormal subgroups of GL$_n(D)$. We show that this subgraph is complete if it is non-null. This property will be used to study subgroup structure of a division ring. In particular, we prove that every non-central almost subnormal subgroup of the multiplicative group $D^*$ of a division ring $D$ contains a non-central subnormal subgroup of $D^*$.
Let $K$ be a field of characteristic zero, let $σ$ be an automorphism of $K$ and let $δ$ be a $σ$-derivation of $K$. We show that the division ring $D=K(x;σ,δ)$ either has the property that every finitely generated subring satisfies a polynomial identity or $D$ contains a free algebra on two generators over its center. In the case when $K$ is finitely generated over $k$ we then see that for $σ$ a $k$-algebra automorphism of $K$ and $δ$ a $k$-linear derivation of $K$, $K(x;σ)$ having a free subalgebra on two generators is equivalent to $σ$ having infinite order, and $K(x;δ)$ having a free subal…
Finite groups that are embeddable in the multiplicative groups of division rings $K$ were completely determined by S. A. Amitsur in 1955. In case $K$ has characteristic $p>0$, the only possible finite subgroups of $K^*$ are cyclic groups, according to a theorem of I. N. Herstein. Thus, the only interesting case is when $K$ has characteristic 0; that is, when $K\supseteq {\Bbb Q}$. Herstein conjectured that odd-order subgroups of division rings $K$ were cyclic, and he proved this to be the case when $K$ is the division ring of the real quaternions. Herstein's conjecture was settled negatively b…
Finite almost simple groups whose holomorph contains a solvable regular subgroup
本文分类了全形包含可解正则子群的有限几乎单群，推广了先前对非交换单群的结果，并刻画了可解扩张上的Hopf-Galois结构类型。
We describe relations between maximal subfields in a division ring and in its rational extensions. More precisely, we prove that properties such as being Galois or purely inseparable over the centre generically carry over from one to another. We provide an application to enveloping skewfields in positive characteristics. Namely, there always exist two maximal subfields of the enveloping skewfield of a solvable Lie algebra, such that one is Galois and the second purely inseparable of exponent 1 over the centre. This extends results of Schue in the restricted case. Along the way we provide a des…
Non-abelian simple groups which occur as the type of a Hopf-Galois structure on a solvable extension
本研究确定了可解扩张上作为Hopf-Galois结构类型的有限非阿贝尔单群，同时给出了乘法群可解的斜brace中作为加法群的这类单群的完整列表。
Let $D$ be a division ring and $K$ a subfield of $D$ which is not necessarily contained in the center $F$ of $D$. In this paper, we study the structure of $D$ under the condition of left algebraicity of certain subsets of $D$ over $K$. Among results, it is proved that if $D^*$ contains a noncentral normal subgroup which is left algebraic over $K$ of bounded degree $d$, then $[D:F]\le d^2$. In case $K=F$, the obtained results show that if either all additive commutators or all multiplicative commutators with respect to a noncentral subnormal subgroup of $D^*$ are algebraic of bounded degree $d$…
Images of polynomial maps and the Ax-Grothendieck theorem over algebraically closed division rings
本文研究代数闭除环上多项式映射的像，推广了Ax-Grothendieck定理，证明了有限维情形下单射蕴含满射，并在无维数条件下给出若干满射性结果及Waring型矩阵表示定理。
Subnormal subgroups of almost locally simple artinian algebras with involutions
本文研究带对合的几乎局部单阿廷代数乘法群的次正规子群，证明若其迹集或范数集中心，则代数必为四元数除环或二阶矩阵环。
Algebraic derivations and radicals of automorphism groups of algebras
本文研究半素结合代数的代数导子与相关自同构群的根性质，证明其素根与弱可解根重合，并联系Martindale商环内导子描述。
On Simply Connected Simple Lie Skew Braces with Nilpotent Multiplicative Group
证明乘法群幂零的单连通单李斜辫必须是一维且交换的，即若乘法群幂零且维数大于1，则李斜辫不是单的。
Let $k$ be a field of characteristic different from $2$ and let $G$ be a nonabelian residually torsion-free nilpotent group. It is known that $G$ is an orderable group. Let $k(G)$ denote the subdivision ring of the Malcev-Neumann series ring generated by the group algebra of $G$ over $k$. If $\ast$ is an involution on $G$, then it extends to a unique $k$-involution on $k(G)$. We show that $k(G)$ contains pairs of symmetric elements with respect to $\ast$ which generate a free group inside the multiplicative group of $k(G)$. Free unitary pairs also exist if $G$ is torsion-free nilpotent. Finall…
On Congruence Theorem for valued division algebras
本文研究 Hensel 赋值域上驯顺中心可除代数的 $\mathrm{TK}_1(D)$，证明其与主单位群相关部分要么平凡、要么在正特征剩余域下为 $p$-群，并用反例说明同余定理不能完全推广。
Associativity and Commutativity of Partially Ordered Rings
本文证明可局部化的双加法运算在一般条件下自动结合且交换，并据此推广阿基米德有序除环交换性定理至更广泛的形式实除环。
Admissible groups over number fields
本文研究数域上哪些有限群可作为可除代数极大子域的伽罗瓦群，在驯顺分歧情形给出使所有可解 Sylow-亚循环群可容许的数域完全分类，并在野分歧情形给出若干类数域的特征刻画与部分结果。
The study of the existence of free groups in skew linear groups have been begun since the last decades of the 20-th century. The starting point is the theorem of Tits (1972), now often is referred as Tits' Alternative, stating that every finitely generated subgroup of the general linear group $\GL_n(F)$ over a field $F$ either contains a non-cyclic free subgroup or it is solvable-by-finite. In this paper, we study the existence of non-cyclic free subgroups in maximal subgroups of an almost subnormal subgroup of the general skew linear group over a locally finite division ring.
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