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arXiv 1004.0572math.APmath.DS
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二维分层介质中KPP波前传播速度的最大化

Maximizing the spreading speed of KPP fronts in two-dimensional stratified media

Xing Liang, Xiaotao Lin, Hiroshi Matano

摘要:

我们考虑方程$u_t=u_{xx}+u_{yy}+b(x)f(u)+g(u)$,$(x,y)\in\mathbb R^2$具有单稳态非线性,其中$b(x)$是$\mathbb R$上的非负测度,它在$x.$中是周期性的。在$b(x)$是光滑周期函数的情况下,存在一个脉动行波,它在$(\cosθ,\sinθ)$方向上传播--具有平均速度$c$当且仅当$c\geq c^*(θ,b),$其中$c^*(θ,b)$是依赖于$b.$的某个正数。量$w(θ;{b})=\min_{|θ-ϕ|<\fracπ{2}}c^*(ϕ;{b})/\cos(θ-ϕ)$被称为扩展速度。这个理论可以扩展到显示存在的最小速度$c^*(θ,b)$任何非负措施$b$与周期$L.$我们然后研究的问题最大化$c^*(θ,b)$下的约束$\int_{[0,L)}b(x)dx=αL,$其中$α$是一个任意给定的正常数。我们证明了最大值是通过周期性排列的狄拉克的δ函数$h(x)=αL\sum_{k\in\mathbb Z}δ(x+kL)$的任何方向$θ$。在此基础上,对于$b=h$情形,我们还证明了$θ$中扩展速度的单调性,并研究了大、小$L$的扩展前沿的渐近形状.最后,我们证明了对于一般的二维周期方程$u_t=u_{xx}+u_{yy}+b(x,y)f(u)+g(u)$,$(x,y)\in\mathbb R^2$,类似的结论不成立.

英文摘要:

We consider the equation $u_t=u_{xx}+u_{yy}+b(x)f(u)+g(u)$, $(x,y)\in\mathbb R^2$ with monostable nonliearity, where $b(x)$ is a nonnegative measure on $\mathbb R$ that is periodic in $x.$ In the case where $b(x)$ is a smooth periodic function, there exists a pulsating travelling wave that propagates in the direction $(\cosθ,\sinθ)$ -- with average speed $c$ if and only if $c\geq c^*(θ,b),$ where $c^*(θ,b)$ is a certain positive number depending on $b.$ Moreover, the quantity $w(θ;{b})=\min_{|θ-ϕ|<\fracπ{2}}c^*(ϕ;{b})/\cos(θ-ϕ)$ is called the spreading speed. This theory can be extended by showing the existence of the minimal speed $c^*(θ,b)$ for any nonnegative measure $b$ with period $L.$ We then study the question of maximizing $c^*(θ,b)$ under the constraint $\int_{[0,L)}b(x)dx=αL,$ where $α$ is an arbitrarily given positive constant. We prove that the maximum is attained by periodically arrayed Dirac's delta functions $h(x)=αL\sum_{k\in\mathbb Z}δ(x+kL)$ for any direction $θ$. Based on these results, for the case that $b=h$ we also show the monotonicity of the spreading speedsin $θ$ and study the asymptotic shape of spreading fronts for large $L$ and small $L$ . Finally, we show that for general 2-dimensional periodic equation $u_t=u_{xx}+u_{yy}+b(x,y)f(u)+g(u)$, $(x,y)\in\mathbb R^2$, the similar conclusions do not hold.

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