Let $I$ be a squarefree monomial ideal of a polynomial ring $S$. In this paper, we prove that the arithmetical rank of $I$ is equal to the projective dimension of $S/I$ when one of the following conditions is satisfied: (1) $μ(I) \leq 5$; (2) $\arithdeg I \leq 4$.
We compute the minimal primary decomposition for completely squarefree lexsegment ideals. We show that critical squarefree monomial ideals are sequentially Cohen-Macaulay. As an application, we give a complete characterization of the completely squarefree lexsegment ideals which are sequentially Cohen-Macaulay and we also derive formulas for some homological invariants of this class of ideals.
Recently, G. Floystad studied "higher Cohen-Macaulay property" of certain finite regular cell complexes. In this paper, we partially extend his results to squarefree modules, toric face rings, and simplicial posets. For example, we show that if (the corresponding cell complex of) a simplicial poset is $l$-Cohen-Macaulay then its codimension one skeleton is $(l+1)$-Cohen-Macaulay.
Two-dimensional squarefree monomial ideals can be seen as the Stanley-Reisner ideals of graphs. The main results of this paper are combinatorial characterizations for the Cohen-Macaulayness of ordinary and symbolic powers of such an ideal in terms of the associated graph.
Let Z be a set of fat points in P^1 x P^1 that is also arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay (ACM). We describe how to compute the degree of a separator of a fat point of multiplicity m for each point in the support of Z using only a numerical description of Z. Our formula extends the case of reduced points which was previously known.
Some well-known arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay configurations of linear varieties in $\mathbb{P}^r$ as $k$-configurations, partial intersections and star configurations are generalized by introducing tower schemes. Tower schemes are reduced schemes that are finite union of linear varieties whose support set is a suitable finite subset of $\mathbb{Z}_+^c$ called tower set. We prove that the tower schemes are arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay and we compute their Hilbert function in terms of their support. Afterwards, since even in codimension 2 not every arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay squarefree mono…
A rational map whose source and image are projectively embedded varieties has an {\em Arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay graph} if the Rees algebra of one (hence any) of its base ideals is a Cohen-Macaulay ring. If the map is birational onto the image one considers how this property forces an upper bound on the degree of a representative of the map. In the plane case a complete description is given of the Cremona maps with Cohen-Macaulay graph, while in arbitrary dimension $n$ it is shown that a Cremona map with Cohen-Macaulay graph has degree at most $n^2$.
When present, the Cohen-Macaulay property can be useful for finding the minimal defining equations of an algebraic variety. It is conjectured that all secant varieties of Segre products of projective spaces are arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay. A summary of the known cases where the conjecture is true is given. An inductive procedure based on the work of Landsberg and Weyman (LW-lifting) is described and used to obtain resolutions of orbits of secant varieties from those of smaller secant varieties. A new computation of the minimal free resolution of the variety of border rank 4 tensors of format…
Rank 2 indecomposable arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay bundles E on a nonsingular cubic surface X in P^3 are classified, by means of the possible forms taken by the minimal graded free resolution of E over P^3. The admissible values of the Chern classes of E are listed and the vanishing locus of a general section of E is studied. Properties of E such as (semi) stability and simplicity are investigated; the number of relevant families is computed together with their dimension.
In this paper, we discuss some necessary and sufficient condition for a curve to be arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay, in terms of its general hyperplane section. We obtain a characterization of the degree matrices that can occur for points in the plane that are the general hyperplane section of a non arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay curve of P^3. We prove that almost all the degree matrices with positive subdiagonal that occur for the general plane section of a non arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay curve of P^3, arise also as degree matrices of the general plane section of some smooth, integral, non ari…
We investigate Borel ideals on the Hilbert scheme components of arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay (ACM) codimension two schemes in P^n. We give a basic necessary criterion for a Borel ideal to be on such a component. Then considering ACM curves in P^3 on a quadric we compute in several examples all the Borel ideals on their Hilbert scheme component. Based on this we conjecture which Borel ideals are on such a component, and for a range of Borel ideals we prove that they are on the component.
In this paper we study the arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay (ACM) property for sets of points in multiprojective spaces. Most of what is known is for $\mathbb P^1\times \mathbb P^1$ and, more recently, in $(\mathbb P^1)^r.$ In $\mathbb P^1\times \mathbb P^1$ the so called inclusion property characterizes the ACM property. We extend the definition in any multiprojective space and we prove that the inclusion property implies the ACM property in $\mathbb P^m\times \mathbb P^n$. In such an ambient space it is equivalent to the so-called $(\star)$-property. Moreover, we start an investigation of the A…
All Cohen--Macaulay polymatroidal ideals are classified. The Cohen--Macaulay polymatroidal ideals are precisely the principal ideals, the Veronese ideals, and the squarefree Veronese ideals.
In this paper, we introduce a new algebraic concept, which we call squarefree P-modules. This concept is inspired from Karu's proof of the non-negativity of the cd-indices of Gorenstein* posets, and supplies a way to study cd-indices from the viewpoint of commutative algebra. Indeed, by using the theory of squarefree P-modules, we give several new algebraic and combinatorial results on CW-posets. First, we define an analogue of the cd-index for any CW-poset and prove its non-negativity when a CW-poset is Cohen-Macaulay. This result proves that the h-vector of the barycentric subdivision of a C…
We consider the edge ideals of large classes of graphs with whiskers and for these ideals we prove that the arithmetical rank is equal to the big height. Then we extend these results to other classes of squarefree monomial ideals, generated in any degree, proving that the same equality holds.
We define very proper intersections of modules and projective subschemes. It turns out that equidimensional locally Cohen-Macaulay modules intersect very properly if and only if they intersect properly. We prove a Bezout theorem for modules which meet very properly. Furthermore, we show for equidimensional subschemes $X$ and $Y$: If they intersect properly in an arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay subscheme of positive dimension then $X$ and $Y$ are arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay. The module version of this result implies splitting criteria for reflexive sheaves.
Let $R$ be a polynomial ring over a field $K$. To a given squarefree monomial ideal $I \subset R$, one can associate a hypergraph $H(I)$. In this article, we prove that the arithmetical rank of $I$ is equal to the projective dimension of $R/I$ when $H(I)$ is a string or a cycle hypergraph.
In this paper the author provides a generalization of classical linkage, i.e. linkage by a complete intersection of dim. 0 or 1 on arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay schemes of any dimension. Namely she looks at residuals in the scheme theoretic intersection of an aCM scheme of dim. r (resp. r+1) with r hypersurfaces of degree a_1,...,a_r. When the aCM scheme is singular a complete intersection on it may not be Gorenstein, in this case classical linkage, even if suitably generalized, does not apply. The main purpose of this paper is to prove some results related to the invariance of the deficiency …
We investigate the analogy between squarefree Cohen-Macaulay modules supported on a graph and line bundles on a curve. We prove a Riemann-Roch theorem, we study the Jacobian and gonality of a graph, and we prove Clifford's theorem.
This paper addresses problems related to the existence of arithmetic Macaulayfications of projective schemes. Let Y be the blow-up of a projective scheme X = Proj R along the ideal sheaf of I \subset R. It is known that there are embeddings Y \cong Proj k[(I^e)_c] for c \ge d(I)e + 1, where d(I) denotes the maximal generating degree of I, and that there exists a Cohen-Macaulay ring of the form k[(I^e)_c] if and only if H^0(Y,O_Y) = k, H^i(Y,O_Y) = 0 for i = 1,...,dim Y-1, Y is equidimensional and Cohen-Macaulay. Cutkosky and Herzog asked when there is a linear bound on c and e ensuring that k[…
The lemma given by Schmitt and Vogel is an important tool in the study of arithmetical rank of squarefree monomial ideals. In this paper, we give a Schmitt-Vogel type lemma for reductions as an analogous result.
We study the arithmetical ranks and the cohomological dimensions of an infinite class of Cohen-Macaulay varieties of minimal degree. Among these we find, on the one hand, infinitely many set-theoretic complete intersections, on the other hand examples where the arithmetical rank is arbitrarily greater than the codimension.
We give suffcient conditions for a standard graded Cohen-Macaulay ring, or equivalently, an arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay projective variety, to be Cohen-Macaulay wild in the sense of representation theory. In particular, these conditions are applied to hypersurfaces and complete intersections.
We give the Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity of arrangements of (n-2)-planes in P^n whose incidence graph is a sufficiently large complete bipartite graph, and determine when such arrangements are arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay.
Scattered over the past few years have been several occurrences of simplicial complexes whose topological behavior characterize the Cohen-Macaulay property for quotients of polynomial rings by arbitrary (not necessarily squarefree) monomial ideals. The purpose of this survey is to gather the developments into one location, with self-contained proofs, including direct combinatorial topological connections between them.
Polarized varieties without arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay bundles and section rings without graded maximal Cohen-Macaulay modules in characteristic zero
Institute of Mathematics of the Romanian Academy(罗马尼亚科学院数学研究所)
We prove that the Eliahou-Kervaire resolution of a Cohen-Macaulay stable monomial is supported by a regular CW complex whose underlying space is a closed ball. We also show that the modified Eliahou-Kervaire resolutions of variants of a Borel fixed ideal (e.g., a squarefree strongly stable ideal) are supported by regular CW complexes, and their underlying spaces are closed balls in the Cohen-Macaulay case.
We prove that, for the edge ideal of a cactus graph, the arithmetical rank is bounded above by the sum of the number of cycles and the maximum height of its associated primes. The bound is sharp, but in many cases it can be improved. Moreover, we show that the edge ideal of a Cohen-Macaulay graph that contains exactly one cycle or is chordal or has no cycles of length 4 and 5 is a set-theoretic complete intersection.
In this work, we study the Betti numbers of pinched Veronese rings, by means of the reduced homology of squarefree divisor complexes. We characterize when these rings are Cohen-Macaulay and we the study the shape of the Betti tables for the pinched Veronese in the two variables. As a byproduct we obtain information on the linearity of such rings. Moreover, in the last section we compute the canonical modules of the Veronese modules.
Assume that $G$ is a graph with edge ideal $I(G)$ and matching number ${\rm match}(G)$. For every integer $s\geq 1$, we denote the $s$-th squarefree power of $I(G)$ by $I(G)^{[s]}$. It is shown that for every positive integer $s\leq {\rm match}(G)$, the inequality ${\rm reg}(I(G)^{[s]})\leq {\rm match}(G)+s$ holds provided that $G$ belongs to either of the following classes: (i) very well-covered graphs, (ii) semi-Hamiltonian graphs, or (iii) sequentially Cohen-Macaulay graphs. Moreover, we prove that for every Cameron-Walker graph $G$ and for every positive integer $s\leq {\rm match}(G)$, we …
In this note we address the problem of determining the maximum number of points of intersection of two arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay curves in $\PP^3$. We give a sharp upper bound for the maximum number of points of intersection of two irreducible arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay curves $C_t$ and $C_{t-r}$ in $\PP^3$ defined by the maximal minors of a $t \times (t+1)$, resp. $(t-r) \times (t-r+1)$, matrix with linear entries, provided $C_{t-r}$ has no linear series of degree $d\leq{{t-r+1}\choose 3}$ and dimension $n\geq t-r$.
We show that a smooth projective non-degenerate arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay subvariety X of P^N infinite Cohen-Macaulay type becomes of finite Cohen-Macaulay type by removing Ulrich bundles if and only if N = 5 and X is a quartic scroll or the Segre product of a line and a plane. In turn, we give a complete and explicit classification of ACM bundles over these varieties.
Generalizing techniques that prove that Veronese subrings are Koszul, we show that Rees and multi-Rees algebras of certain types of principal strongly stable ideals are Koszul. We provide explicit Gröbner basis for the defining ideals of these multi-Rees algebras with squarefree initial monomials, to show that they are also normal Cohen-Macaulay domains.
The class of equidimensional polymatroidal ideals are studied. In particular, we show that an unmixed polymatroidal ideal is connected in codimension one if and only if it is Cohen-Macaulay. Especially a matroidal ideal is connected in codimension one precisely when it is a squarefree Veronese ideal. As a consequence we indicate that for polymatroidal ideals, the Serre's condition $(S_n)$ for some $n\geq 2$ is equivalent to Cohen-Macaulay property. We also give a classification of generalized Cohen-Macaulay polymatroidal ideals.
For each squarefree monomial ideal $I\subset S = k[x_{1},\ldots, x_{n}] $, we associate a simple graph $G_I$ by using the first linear syzygies of $I$. In cases, where $G_I$ is a cycle or a tree, we show the following are equivalent: (a) $ I $ has a linear resolution (b) $ I $ has linear quotients (c) $ I $ is a variable-decomposable ideal In addition, with the same assumption on $G_I$, we characterize all monomial ideals with a linear resolution. Using our results, we characterize all Cohen-Macaulay codimension $2$ monomial ideals with a linear resolution. As an other application of our resul…
Let $I_X$ be the saturated homogeneous ideal defining a codimension two arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay scheme $X \subseteq \mathbb{P}^n$, and let $I_X^{(m)}$ denote its $m$-th symbolic power. We are interested in when $I_X^{(m)} = I_X^m$. We survey what is known about this problem when $X$ is locally a complete intersection, and in particular, we review the classification of when $I_X^{(m)} = I_X^m$ for all $m \geq 1$. We then discuss how one might weaken these hypotheses, but still obtain equality between the symbolic and ordinary powers. Finally, we show that this classification allows one to…
An affine oriented matroid is a combinatorial abstraction of an affine hyperplane arrangement. From it, Novik, Postnikov and Sturmfels constructed a squarefree monomial ideal in a polynomial ring, called an oriented matroid ideal, and got beautiful results. Developing their theory, we will show the following. (1) If an oriented matroid ideal is Cohen-Macaulay, then the bounded complex (a regular CW complex associated with it) of the corresponding affine oriented matroid is a contractible homology manifold with boundary. This is closely related to Dong's theorem, which used to be "Zaslavsky's c…
We investigate the Rees algebra and the toric ring of the squarefree monomial ideal associated to the three-dimensional Ferrers diagram. Under the projection property condition, we describe explicitly the presentation ideals of the Rees algebra and the toric ring. We show that the toric ring is a Koszul Cohen--Macaulay normal domain, while the Rees algebra is Koszul and the defining ideal is of fiber type.
A tetrahedral curve is a (usually nonreduced) curve in P^3 defined by an unmixed, height two ideal generated by monomials. We characterize when these curves are arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay by associating a graph to each curve and, using results from combinatorial commutative algebra and Alexander duality, relating the structure of the complementary graph to the Cohen-Macaulay property.
The goal of this paper is to explicitly detect all the arithmetic genera of arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay projective curves with a given degree $d$. It is well-known that the arithmetic genus $g$ of a curve $C$ can be easily deduced from the $h$-vector of the curve; in the case where $C$ is arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay of degree $d$, $g$ must belong to the range of integers $\big\{0,\ldots,\binom{d-1}{2}\big\}$. We develop an algorithmic procedure that allows one to avoid constructing most of the possible $h$-vectors of $C$. The essential tools are a combinatorial description of the finite O-…
We prove a theorem unifying three results from combinatorial homological and commutative algebra, characterizing the Koszul property for incidence algebras of posets and affine semigroup rings, and characterizing linear resolutions of squarefree monomial ideals. The characterization in the graded setting is via the Cohen-Macaulay property of certain posets or simplicial complexes, and in the more general nongraded setting, via the sequential Cohen-Macaulay property.
We find an explicit expression of the associated primes of monomial ideals as a colon by an element $v$, using the unique irredundant irreducible decomposition whose irreducible components are monomial ideals (Theorem 3.1). An algorithm to compute $v$ is given using Macaulay2 (Section 7). For squarefree monomial ideals the problem is related to the combinatorics of the underlying clutter or graph (Proposition 4.3). For ideals of Borel type the monomial $f$ takes a simpler form (Proposition 5.2). The authors classify when $f$ is unique (Proposition 6.2).
Let X be a nonsingular arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay projective scheme, Z a nonsingular subscheme of X. Let π: Y --> X be the blowup of X along the ideal sheaf of Z, E_0 the pull-back of a general hyperplane in X and E the exceptional divisor. In this paper, we study projective embeddings of Y given by the divisor tE_0 - eE. We give explicit values of d and δsuch that for all e > 0 and t > ed + δ, these embeddings is projectively normal and arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay. We also study the regularity of the ideal sheaf and syzygies of these embeddings. When X is a surface and Z is a 0-dimension…
In the first part of this paper we study scrollers and linearly joined varieties. A particular class of varieties, of important interest in classical Geometry are Cohen--Macaulay varieties of minimal degree. They appear naturally studying the fiber cone of of a codimension two toric ideals. Let $I\subset S$ be an ideal defining a linearly joined arrangement of varieties: - We compute the depth, and the cohomological dimension. is the connectedness dimension. - We characterize sets of generators of $I$, and give an effective algorithm to find equations, as an application we compute arithmetical…
A certain squarefree monomial ideal $H_P$ arising from a finite partially ordered set $P$ will be studied from viewpoints of both commutative algebra and combinatorics. First, it is proved that the defining ideal of the Rees algebra of $H_P$ possesses a quadratic Gröbner basis. Thus in particular all powers of $H_P$ have linear resolutions. Second, the minimal free graded resolution of $H_P$ will be constructed explicitly and a combinatorial formula to compute the Betti numbers of $H_P$ will be presented. Third, by using the fact that the Alexander dual of the simplicial complex $Δ$ whose Stan…
In this paper, we introduce the notion of "extension" of a toric variety and study its fundamental properties. This gives rise to infinitely many toric varieties with a special property, such as being set theoretic complete intersection or arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay (Gorenstein) and having a Cohen-Macaulay tangent cone or a local ring with non-decreasing Hilbert function, from just one single example with the same property, verifying Rossi's conjecture for larger classes and extending some results appeared in literature.