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arXiv 0908.0418cond-mat.softcond-mat.stat-mech
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玻璃形成过程中的动力学:时空中的气泡

Dynamics on the Way to Forming Glass: Bubbles in Space-time

David Chandler, Juan P. Garrahan

摘要:

我们回顾了玻璃形成液体的动力学和玻璃化转变的理论观点。这是我们在这十年中与合作者共同开发的一个视角。它是基于轨迹空间的结构。当无序系统接近非遍历或堵塞状态时,这种结构出现在动态的空间相关性中。它的特点是动力学的异质性,促进和激发线。这些特征与新发现的一类非平衡相变有关。平衡性质与此几乎没有任何关系。这些跃迁的对称性破坏在空间结构中是模糊的或不存在的,但它们在时空中是生动的(即,轨迹空间)。我们认为,玻璃化转变就是这类转变的一个例子。我们回顾的基本思想和原则最初是通过对理想化和抽象模型的分析而发展起来的。然而,中心思想很容易说明参考分子动力学更现实的原子模型,我们使用的说明方法在这里。

英文摘要:

We review a theoretical perspective of the dynamics of glass forming liquids and the glass transition. It is a perspective we have developed with our collaborators during this decade. It is based upon the structure of trajectory space. This structure emerges from spatial correlations of dynamics that appear in disordered systems as they approach non-ergodic or jammed states. It is characterized in terms of dynamical heterogeneity, facilitation and excitation lines. These features are associated with a newly discovered class of non-equilibrium phase transitions. Equilibrium properties have little if anything to do with it. The broken symmetries of these transitions are obscure or absent in spatial structures, but they are vivid in space-time (i.e., trajectory space). In our view, the glass transition is an example of this class of transitions. The basic ideas and principles we review were originally developed through the analysis of idealized and abstract models. Nevertheless, the central ideas are easily illustrated with reference to molecular dynamics of more realistic atomistic models, and we use that illustrative approach here.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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