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arXiv 0907.5178quant-phhep-thmath-phmath.MP
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相对论和非相对论量子力学中的最小位置-速度测不准波包

Minimal Position-Velocity Uncertainty Wave Packets in Relativistic and Non-relativistic Quantum Mechanics

U. -J. Wiese, M. H. Al-Hashimi

摘要:

我们考虑具有一般能量-动量色散关系$E(p)$的自由粒子的波包。波包的扩展由速度$v = \p_p E$决定。位置-速度不确定性关系$Δx Δv \geq {1/2} |< \p_p^2 E >|$被最小不确定性波包$Φ(p) = A \exp(- αE(p) + βp)$饱和。除了对应于非相对论色散关系$E(p) = p^2/2m$的标准最小高斯波包外,本文还对晶格色散关系$E(p) = - \cos(p a)/m a^2$和相对论色散关系$E(p) = \sqrt{p^2 + m^2}$的最小位置-速度测不准积波包的传播进行了解析计算。本文还讨论了相对论性运动波包的升压特性以及波包在膨胀宇宙中的传播。

英文摘要:

We consider wave packets of free particles with a general energy-momentum dispersion relation $E(p)$. The spreading of the wave packet is determined by the velocity $v = \p_p E$. The position-velocity uncertainty relation $Δx Δv \geq {1/2} |< \p_p^2 E >|$ is saturated by minimal uncertainty wave packets $Φ(p) = A \exp(- αE(p) + βp)$. In addition to the standard minimal Gaussian wave packets corresponding to the non-relativistic dispersion relation $E(p) = p^2/2m$, analytic calculations are presented for the spreading of wave packets with minimal position-velocity uncertainty product for the lattice dispersion relation $E(p) = - \cos(p a)/m a^2$ as well as for the relativistic dispersion relation $E(p) = \sqrt{p^2 + m^2}$. The boost properties of moving relativistic wave packets as well as the propagation of wave packets in an expanding Universe are also discussed.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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