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arXiv 0904.4536astro-ph.EP
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高孔隙度粉尘聚集体的动力学碰撞模型

Towards a Dynamical Collision Model of Highly Porous Dust Aggregates

Carsten Güttler, Maya Krause, Ralf J. Geretshauser, Roland Speith, Jürgen Blum

摘要:

近年来,我们已经进行了各种实验上的碰撞动力学的高度多孔的尘埃聚集体,虽然我们现在有一个全面的图片的微观力学这些聚集体,宏观的理解仍然缺乏。因此,我们正在开发一个力学模型来描述尘埃聚集体的宏观参数,如拉伸强度,压缩强度和剪切强度的碰撞。对于一个定义良好的粉尘样品材料,拉伸和压缩强度进行了测量,在静态实验和光滑粒子流体动力学(SPH)代码中实现。设计了一个实验室实验,将实验室结果与SPH模拟结果进行比较。在该实验中,将mm尺寸的玻璃珠滴入具有先前测量的强度参数的cm尺寸的粉尘聚集体中。我们通过高速成像确定玻璃珠的减速,并通过X射线显微断层扫描确定灰尘聚集体的压缩。利用实测的贯入深度、停留时间和玻璃珠下的压实度对SPH程序进行了标定和检验。我们发现,静态测得的抗压强度曲线是唯一适用的,如果我们调整到动态的情况下与“软”参数。在确定这个参数后,SPH代码能够再现实验结果,这些结果以前没有用于校准。

英文摘要:

In the recent years we have performed various experiments on the collision dynamics of highly porous dust aggregates and although we now have a comprehensive picture of the micromechanics of those aggregates, the macroscopic understanding is still lacking. We are therefore developing a mechanical model to describe dust aggregate collisions with macroscopic parameters like tensile strength, compressive strength and shear strength. For one well defined dust sample material, the tensile and compressive strength were measured in a static experiment and implemented in a Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) code. A laboratory experiment was designed to compare the laboratory results with the results of the SPH simulation. In this experiment, a mm-sized glass bead is dropped into a cm-sized dust aggregate with the previously measured strength parameters. We determine the deceleration of the glass bead by high-speed imaging and the compression of the dust aggregate by x-ray micro-tomography. The measured penetration depth, stopping time and compaction under the glass bead are utilized to calibrate and test the SPH code. We find that the statically measured compressive strength curve is only applicable if we adjust it to the dynamic situation with a 'softness' parameter. After determining this parameter, the SPH code is capable of reproducing experimental results, which have not been used for the calibration before.

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