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arXiv 0903.3650hep-ph
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Z(2)和O(4)模型中相变附近的热力学性质和体相粘度

Thermodynamic properties and bulk viscosity near phase transition in the Z(2) and O(4) models

Bao-Chun Li, Mei Huang

摘要:

我们研究了Z(2)和O(4)模型在Hartree近似下的热力学性质,包括物态方程、迹线反常、声速和比热,以及输运性质如体粘滞系数.我们研究了一级相变、二级相变、交叉和无相变等不同情况下的这些性质,并讨论了体系的体粘滞系数与热力学性质之间的关系。研究发现,体粘滞系数与熵密度之比在二级相变时出现一个向上的尖点,在一级相变时出现一个尖锐的峰值。然而,在交叉的情况下,该峰值变得平滑或消失。这表明,在RHIC,没有真正的相变和系统的经验交叉,体积粘度相对于熵密度可能很小,它不会影响强子化太多。我们还建议,体积粘度与熵密度比是一个更好的数量比剪切粘度与熵密度比,以确定临界端点。

英文摘要:

We investigate the thermodynamic properties including equation of state, the trace anomaly, the sound velocity and the specific heat, as well as transport properties like bulk viscosity in the Z(2) and O(4) models in the Hartree approximation of Cornwall-Jackiw-Tomboulis (CJT) formalism. We study these properties in different cases, e.g. first order phase transition, second order phase transition, crossover and the case without phase transition, and discuss the correlation between the bulk viscosity and the thermodynamic properties of the system. We find that the bulk viscosity over entropy density ratio exhibits an upward cusp at the second order phase transition, and a sharp peak at the 1st order phase transition. However, this peak becomes smooth or disappears in the case of crossover. This indicates that at RHIC, where there is no real phase transition and the system experiences a crossover, the bulk viscosity over entropy density might be small, and it will not affect too much on hadronization. We also suggest that the bulk viscosity over entropy density ratio is a better quantity than the shear viscosity over entropy density ratio to locate the critical endpoint.

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