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arXiv 0903.4436nucl-thhep-phnucl-ex
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冻结时体积粘度的影响

Effects of Bulk Viscosity at Freezeout

Akihiko Monnai, Tetsufumi Hirano

摘要:

通过考虑冻结时体粘滞对相空间分布的畸变,研究了相对论重离子碰撞中的粒子谱和椭圆流系数。我们首先用格拉德的十四阶矩方法计算了多组分体系相空间分布的畸变。我们发现一些微妙的问题,当一个匹配的宏观变量与微观动量分布在多组分系统,并开发一个一致的程序,以唯一地确定相空间分布的修正。接下来,我们通过使用Cooper-Frye公式来计算粒子谱,以了解体粘度的影响。尽管体积粘度的相对较小,我们发现,它很可能有一个可见的效果,在粒子光谱和椭圆流系数。这表明,如果要从实验数据中更准确地约束输运系数,则体积粘度和剪切粘度的重要性。

英文摘要:

We investigate particle spectra and elliptic flow coefficients in relativistic heavy ion collisions by taking into account the distortion of phase space distributions due to bulk viscosity at freezeout. We first calculate the distortion of phase space distributions in a multi-component system within the Grad's fourteen moment method. We find some subtle issues when one matches macroscopic variables with microscopic momentum distributions in a multi-component system and develop a consistent procedure to uniquely determine the corrections in the phase space distributions. Next, we calculate particle spectra by using the Cooper-Frye formula to see the effect of the bulk viscosity. In spite of the relative smallness of the bulk viscosity, we find that it is likely to have a visible effect in particle spectra and elliptic flow coefficients. This indicates the importance of bulk viscosity together with shear viscosity if one wants to constrain the transport coefficients with better accuracy from experimental data.

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