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arXiv 0903.3041astro-ph.CO
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利用千禧年II模拟解决宇宙结构形成问题

Resolving Cosmic Structure Formation with the Millennium-II Simulation

Michael Boylan-Kolchin, Volker Springel, Simon D. M. White, Adrian Jenkins, Gerard Lemson

摘要:

我们提出的千禧年-II模拟(MS-II),一个非常大的N体模拟的暗物质的演化在和谐LCDM宇宙学。MS-II假设了相同的宇宙学参数,并使用了与原始千禧年模拟(MS)相同的粒子数和输出数据结构,但在一个只有五分之一大小的周期性立方体中进行(100 Mpc/h),空间分辨率提高5倍(Plummer等效软化为1.0 kpc/h),质量分辨率提高了125倍(颗粒质量为6.9 \times 10^6 Msun/h)。通过比较MS和MS-II分辨率下的结果,我们在暗物质统计中表现出了良好的收敛性,例如晕质量函数、晕下丰度分布、晕形成时间的质量依赖性、线性和非线性自相关和功率谱以及晕组装偏差。总之,这两个模拟提供了精确的结果,这种统计数据在一个前所未有的范围内的规模,从晕类似于那些托管本群矮球状星系的晕对应于最丰富的星系团。宝瓶座计划的“银河系”晕是从MS-II的低分辨率版本中选择的,然后以更高的分辨率重新模拟。因此,它们与其他数千个类似的质量晕一起出现在MS-II中。他们的组装历史的MS-II和1000倍更好的分辨率的resimulations的比较显示了详细的协议超过100倍的质量增长。我们公开发布的光环目录和组装树的MS-II在同一格式的同一档案中,因为那些已经发布的MS。

英文摘要:

We present the Millennium-II Simulation (MS-II), a very large N-body simulation of dark matter evolution in the concordance LCDM cosmology. The MS-II assumes the same cosmological parameters and uses the same particle number and output data structure as the original Millennium Simulation (MS), but was carried out in a periodic cube one-fifth the size (100 Mpc/h) with 5 times better spatial resolution (a Plummer equivalent softening of 1.0 kpc/h) and with 125 times better mass resolution (a particle mass of 6.9 \times 10^6 Msun/h). By comparing results at MS and MS-II resolution, we demonstrate excellent convergence in dark matter statistics such as the halo mass function, the subhalo abundance distribution, the mass dependence of halo formation times, the linear and nonlinear autocorrelations and power spectra, and halo assembly bias. Together, the two simulations provide precise results for such statistics over an unprecedented range of scales, from halos similar to those hosting Local Group dwarf spheroidal galaxies to halos corresponding to the richest galaxy clusters. The "Milky Way" halos of the Aquarius Project were selected from a lower resolution version of the MS-II and were then resimulated at much higher resolution. As a result, they are present in the MS-II along with thousands of other similar mass halos. A comparison of their assembly histories in the MS-II and in resimulations of 1000 times better resolution shows detailed agreement over a factor of 100 in mass growth. We publicly release halo catalogs and assembly trees for the MS-II in the same format within the same archive as those already released for the MS.

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