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arXiv 2412.03438astro-ph.COastro-ph.GA
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星系和暗物质晕与丝状宇宙网的关系

The relation of galaxies and dark matter haloes to the filamentary cosmic web

Navdha, Philipp Busch, Simon D. M. White

AI总结:

基于千禧年模拟,研究发现宇宙网中星系和暗物质晕比例随质量增加,且宇宙网星系因卫星比例高而具有较低比恒星形成率,差异主要源于暗物质晕质量分布不同。

摘要:

我们利用千禧年模拟(Millennium Simulation)研究星系和暗物质晕与宇宙网的关系。我们将宇宙网定义为唯一的、完全连通的、逾渗(percolating)的物体,其(未平滑的)物质密度处处超过宇宙平均密度的5.25倍。该物体包含全部宇宙质量的35%,但仅占据宇宙体积的0.62%。它包含质量为$10^{11}M_\odot$的暗物质晕的26%,在$10^{12.7}M_\odot$处上升到50%,在$10^{14}M_\odot$以上上升到>90%。相比之下,它包含恒星质量为$10^{8.5}M_\odot$的所有星系的45%,在$10^{10}M_\odot$处上升到50%,在$10^{11}M_\odot$处上升到60%,在$10^{11.5}M_\odot$处上升到90%。这一差异的产生是因为所有卫星星系和回溅(backsplash)星系中有很大一部分是宇宙网的组成部分。实际上,对于恒星质量低于银河系质量的星系,超过50%的宇宙网星系是卫星星系,在$10^{10}M_\odot$以下上升到约70%,而在所有恒星质量下,非宇宙网星系群中中央星系的数量大大超过卫星星系。因此,宇宙网星系比非宇宙网星系具有系统性更低的比恒星形成率(sSFR)。对于后者,恒星质量和sSFR的分布几乎与宇宙网距离无关。此外,对于中央星系和卫星星系,在给定恒星质量下,宇宙网内外的sSFR分布非常相似,一旦考虑了回溅比例的差异。对于这里考虑的星系形成模型,宇宙网和非宇宙网星系群之间的差异几乎完全归因于两种环境中暗物质晕质量分布的差异。

英文摘要:

We use the Millennium Simulation to study the relation of galaxies and dark matter haloes to the cosmic web. We define the web as the unique, fully connected, percolating object with (unsmoothed) matter density everywhere exceeding 5.25 times the cosmic mean. This object contains 35\% of all cosmic mass but occupies only 0.62\% of all cosmic volume. It contains 26\% of dark matter haloes of mass $10^{11}M_\odot$, rising to 50\% at $10^{12.7}M_\odot$, and to $>90\%$ above $10^{14}M_\odot$. In contrast, it contains 45\% of all galaxies of stellar mass $10^{8.5}M_\odot$, rising to 50\% at $10^{10}M_\odot$, to 60\% at $10^{11}M_\odot$ and to 90\% at $10^{11.5}M_\odot$. This difference arises because a large fraction of all satellite and backsplash galaxies are part of the cosmic web. Indeed, more than 50\% of web galaxies are satellites for stellar masses below that of the Milky Way, rising to about 70\% below $10^{10}M_\odot$, whereas centrals substantially outnumber satellites in the non-web population at all stellar masses. As a result, web galaxies have systematically lower specific star-formation rates (sSFR's) than non-web galaxies. For the latter, the distributions of stellar mass and sSFR are almost independent of web distance. Furthermore, for both central and satellite galaxies, the sSFR distributions at given stellar mass are very similar in and outside the web, once differences in backsplash fraction are accounted for. For the galaxy formation model considered here, differences between web and non-web galaxy populations are almost entirely due to the difference in halo mass distribution between the two environments.

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