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arXiv 1509.06804astro-ph.CO
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宇宙网中暗物质暗晕的吸积:原始各向异性分布及其普适性

The accretion of dark matter subhaloes within the cosmic web: primordial anisotropic distribution and its universality

Xi Kang, Peng Wang

摘要:

星系的分布在不同的尺度上表现出各向异性,通常被称为星系排列。要了解小尺度上星系排列的起源,必须研究星系在早期宇宙中是如何吸积的,并量化它们在吸积时的原始各向异性。在本文中,我们使用N体模拟研究吸积的暗物质subhaloes,集中在他们的主机晕的形状和方向的质量分布在大规模上,定义使用海森矩阵的密度场。海森矩阵的大/小(e1/e3)特征值定义了大尺度上暗物质的快/慢坍缩方向。我们发现:1)晕长轴与e3(慢塌缩)方向一致,质量晕的e3方向较强; 2)次晕主要沿主晕长轴增生,且随主晕质量增大,e3方向一致性增强。最重要的是,这种排列是普遍的; 3)相对于e3方向的subhaloes的吸积不是普遍的。在大质量的晕中,次晕是沿着e3方向吸积的(甚至比与晕主轴的排列更强),但在小质量的晕中,次晕是垂直于e3方向吸积的。在高红移时,凌日质量较低。最后一个结果很好地解释了令人困惑的相关性(在最近的观测和模拟中),即大质量星系/晕的自旋垂直于暗条,而低质量星系/晕的自旋与暗条稍微对齐,假设暗条的轨道角动量转换为晕自旋。

英文摘要:

The distribution of galaxies displays anisotropy on different scales and it is often referred as galaxy alignment. To understand the origin of galaxy alignments on small scales, one must investigate how galaxies were accreted in the early universe and quantify their primordial anisotropic at the time of accretion. In this paper we use N-body simulations to investigate the accretion of dark matter subhaloes, focusing on their alignment with the host halo shape and the orientation of mass distribution on large scale, defined using the hessian matrix of the density field. The large/small (e1/e3) eigenvalues of the hessian matrix define the fast/slow collapse direction of dark matter on large scale. We find that: 1) the halo major axis is well aligned with the e3 (slow collapse) direction, and it is stronger for massive haloes; 2) subhaloes are predominately accreted along the major axis of the host halo, and the alignment increases with the host halo mass. Most importantly, this alignment is universal; 3) accretion of subhaloes with respect to the e3 direction is not universal. In massive haloes, subhaloes are accreted along the e3 (even stronger than the alignment with the halo major axis), but in low-mass haloes subhaloes are accreted perpendicular to the e3. The transit mass is lower at high redshift. The last result well explains the puzzled correlation (both in recent observations and simulations) that massive galaxies/haloes have their spin perpendicular to the filament, and the spin of low-mass galaxies/haloes is slightly aligned with the filament, under the assumption that the orbital angular momentum of subhaloes is converted to halo spin.

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