发表机构
University of Michigan; University of Hertfordshire; Durham University; University of Washington（密歇根大学; 赫特福德大学; 杜伦大学; 华盛顿大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本研究利用JWST数据更新了星系团RXJ0437.1+0043的强透镜模型，解析了三个双曲-脐点透镜构型，并加入275个位置约束，实现了0.23角秒的精度，为研究源星系和暗物质子结构提供了基础。
AI 中文摘要
我们利用新的JWST NIRCam四个波段成像，为星系团RXJ0437.1+0043（z=0.285）呈现了更新的强透镜模型。该星系团场显著地展示了至少三个独立的引力透镜星系，它们处于双曲-脐点（H-U）构型中，在JWST成像中，这些构型显示出尺度小至0.04角秒的清晰分辨的恒星团块。我们识别出13个新的多重成像透镜星系系统，并基于档案光谱观测确定了两个源的红移。我们还在八个星系的多重图像中识别出超过50个独立分辨的子结构团块，并将它们加入透镜模型，使得模型中使用的所有26个透镜源之间共有275个位置透镜约束。我们研究了不同建模选择对我们结果的影响。在最终透镜模型中，我们以0.23角秒的精度重现了观测到的多重图像，并针对H-U系统实现了0.13角秒的精度。我们估计了星系团强透镜区域内的总包围质量M(<110 kpc)约为8.2 x 10^13太阳质量，重建了放大率最高的星系源图像，并测量了放大率最高、形态最详细系统中的时间延迟。H-U构型产生的各向同性透镜效应使得未来能够详细研究其源星系的特性，而额外约束的数量和空间密度提高了模型探测星系团核心内暗物质子结构的能力。
英文摘要
We present an updated strong lensing model for the galaxy cluster RXJ0437.1+0043 (z=0.285) using new JWST NIRCam imaging in four pass-bands. The cluster field notably displays at least three separate gravitationally lensed galaxies in hyperbolic-umbilic (H-U) configurations, which in the JWST imaging show exquisitely resolved stellar clumps at scales as small as 0.04''. We identify 13 new systems of multiply-imaged lensed galaxies and determine the redshifts for two sources based on archival spectroscopic observations. We also identify over 50 individually resolved substructure clumps in the multiple images of eight galaxies and add them into the lens model, for a total of 275 positional lensing constraints between all 26 lensed sources used in the model. We investigate the impact of different modeling choices on our results. In the final lens model, we reproduce the observed multiple images with a precision of 0.23'' , and achieve 0.13'' specifically for the H-U systems. We estimate a total enclosed mass in the cluster's strong lensing regime of M(<110 kpc) ~ 8.2 x 10^13 Msun, reconstruct the source images of the most highly magnified galaxies, and measure time delays in the most magnified, morphologically detailed systems. The isotropic lensing effect from the H-U configurations enables future detailed studies of the properties of their source galaxies, and the number and spatial density of additional constraints improve the model's ability to detect dark matter substructures within the cluster core.
CommentsSubmitted for review to The Astrophysical Journal on September 15, 2026
