用千禧年模拟表征最好的宇宙望远镜
Characterizing the Best Cosmic Telescopes with the Millennium Simulations
摘要：
某些配置的大规模结构投影沿视线最大化的引力透镜$z\sim10$星系的检测数量。我们用扩展量$σ_μ$来表征这种视线，扩展量是源平面中放大超过某个阈值$μ$的面积。我们使用千禧年I和千禧年XXL宇宙学模拟，以确定高$σ_μ$光束的天空，他们的属性，和有效的选择标准的频率。对于$z\sim10$源平面，我们将最佳波束定义为具有$σ_{μ>3} >2000$ arcsec $^2$，并预测天空中的$477 \pm 21$这样的波束。束流中的总质量和$σ_{μ>3}$有很强的相关性。控制总质量后，我们发现一个显着的剩余相关性之间的$σ_{μ>3}$和集群规模的晕（$>10^{14} M_\odot h^{-1}$）在光束中的数量。具有$σ_{μ>3} >2000$ arcsec $^2$的光束，应该最适合于透镜$z\sim10$星系，包含多个星团级晕的可能性是单个星团级晕的十倍。包含类似Abell 1689的大质量星系团晕的光束通常在视线上有额外的结构，包括至少一个额外的星系团尺度（$M_{200}>10^{14}M_\odot h^{-1}$）晕28%的时间。选择具有多个大质量结构的光束将增强对最遥远和本质上最微弱的星系的探测。
英文摘要：
Certain configurations of massive structures projected along the line of sight maximize the number of detections of gravitationally lensed $z\sim10$ galaxies. We characterize such lines of sight with the étendue $σ_μ$, the area in the source plane magnified over some threshold $μ$. We use the Millennium I and Millennium XXL cosmological simulations to determine the frequency of high $σ_μ$ beams on the sky, their properties, and efficient selection criteria. We define the best beams as having $σ_{μ>3} >2000$ arcsec$^2$, for a $z\sim10$ source plane, and predict $477 \pm 21$ such beams on the sky. The total mass in the beam and $σ_{μ>3}$ are strongly correlated. After controlling for total mass, we find a significant residual correlation between $σ_{μ>3}$ and the number of cluster-scale halos ($>10^{14} M_\odot h^{-1}$) in the beam. Beams with $σ_{μ>3} >2000$ arcsec$^2$, which should be best at lensing $z\sim10$ galaxies, are ten times more likely to contain multiple cluster-scale halos than a single cluster-scale halo. Beams containing an Abell 1689-like massive cluster halo often have additional structures along the line of sight, including at least one additional cluster-scale ($M_{200}>10^{14}M_\odot h^{-1}$) halo 28% of the time. Selecting beams with multiple, massive structures will lead to enhanced detection of the most distant and intrinsically faint galaxies.
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