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arXiv 1212.5658astro-ph.CO
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用HST/COS和HST/STIS吸收线光谱表征近星系环星系介质

Characterizing the Circumgalactic Medium of Nearby Galaxies with HST/COS and HST/STIS Absorption-Line Spectroscopy

John T. Stocke, Brian A. Keeney, Charles W. Danforth, J. Michael Shull, Cynthia S. Froning, James C. Green, Steven V. Penton, Blair D. Savage

摘要:

利用哈勃空间望远镜宇宙起源摄谱仪对11个z < 0.02的目标类星体/星系对和空间望远镜成像摄谱仪对约60个z < 0.2的偶然吸收体/星系对的紫外光谱,对晚型星系的环星系介质(CGM)进行了表征。计算得到CGM暖云的体积填充因子为3- 5%,云的大小为0.1-30千秒差距,质量为10- 1 e8太阳质量,金属丰度为0.1-1倍太阳质量。几乎所有在0.5维里半径内的温暖CGM云都是含金属的,许多云的速度与被束缚的“银河喷泉”云一致。对于L > 0.1 L* 的星系,这些温暖的CGM云的总质量接近1 e10太阳质量,约占大质量螺旋星系中重子总数的10-15%,与其母星系盘中的重子相当。这使得>50%的大质量螺旋星系重子“失踪”。矮星系(<0.1 L*)有较小的面积覆盖因子和温暖的CGM质量(<5%重子分数),这表明它们的许多暖云逃逸了。作为碰撞参量($P/k ~ 10 cm^{-3} K)的函数的恒定暖云内部压力支持这样的推论,即以前COS探测到的广泛、浅的O VI和Ly-alpha散射是一种广泛的(~400-600 kpc)、热的(T ~ 1 e6 K)云内气体,其质量非常大(> 1 e11太阳质量)。虽然温暖的CGM云不能解释螺旋星系中所有“失踪的重子”,但热的群内气体可以,并且可能占z ~ 0处宇宙重子普查的20%,如果这种热气体在螺旋星系群中无处不在的话。

英文摘要:

The Circumgalactic Medium (CGM) of late-type galaxies is characterized using UV spectroscopy of 11 targeted QSO/galaxy pairs at z < 0.02 with the Hubble Space Telescope Cosmic Origins Spectrograph and ~60 serendipitous absorber/galaxy pairs at z < 0.2 with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph. CGM warm cloud properties are derived, including volume filling factors of 3-5%, cloud sizes of 0.1-30 kpc, masses of 10-1e8 solar masses and metallicities of 0.1-1 times solar. Almost all warm CGM clouds within 0.5 virial radii are metal-bearing and many have velocities consistent with being bound, "galactic fountain" clouds. For galaxies with L > 0.1 L*, the total mass in these warm CGM clouds approaches 1e10 solar masses, ~10-15% of the total baryons in massive spirals and comparable to the baryons in their parent galaxy disks. This leaves >50% of massive spiral-galaxy baryons "missing". Dwarfs (<0.1 L*) have smaller area covering factors and warm CGM masses (<5% baryon fraction), suggesting that many of their warm clouds escape. Constant warm cloud internal pressures as a function of impact parameter ($P/k ~ 10 cm^{-3} K) support the inference that previous COS detections of broad, shallow O VI and Ly-alpha absorptions are of an extensive (~400-600 kpc), hot (T ~ 1e6 K) intra-cloud gas which is very massive (>1e11 solar masses). While the warm CGM clouds cannot account for all the "missing baryons" in spirals, the hot intra-group gas can, and could account for ~20% of the cosmic baryon census at z ~ 0 if this hot gas is ubiquitous among spiral groups.

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