Pavel Etingof, Shlomo Gelaki
We prove that the quantum double of the quasi-Hopf algebra A_q(g) of dimension n^{dim g} attached in arXiv:math/0403096 to a simple complex Lie algebra g and a primitive root of unity q of order n^2 is equivalent to Lusztig's small quantum group u_q(g) (under some conditions on n). We also give a conceptual construction of A_q(g) using the notion of de-equivariantization of tensor categories.
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We show that fusion categories $\Rep(\ku^σ_τ \Tc)$ of representations of the weak Hopf algebra coming from a vacant double groupoid $\Tc$ and a pair $(σ, τ)$ of compatible 2-cocyles are group-theoretical.
We construct explicit examples of weak Hopf algebras (actually face algebras in the sense of Hayashi) via vacant double groupoids as explained in \http://arxiv.org/abs/math.QA/0308228. To this end, we first study the Kac exact sequence for matched pairs of groupoids and show that it can be computed via group cohomology. Then we describe explicit examples of finite vacant double groupoids.
The generalized quantum Euclidean group $\oq(\frak{b}_{m,n})$ is a natural generalization of the quantum Euclidean group $\oq(\frak{b}_{1,1})$. The Heisenberg double $\od(\frak{b}_{m,n})$ of $\oq(\frak{b}_{m,n})$ is the smash product of $\oq(\frak{b}_{m,n})$ with its Hopf dual $\ou(\frak{b}_{m,n})$. In this paper, we study the weight modules, the prime spectrum and the automorphism group of the Heisenberg double $\od(\frak{b}_{m,n})$.
We compute the representation-theoretic rank of a finite dimensional quasi-Hopf algebra $H$ and of its quantum double $D(H)$, within the rigid braided category of finite dimensional left $D(H)$-modules.
Let A be a finite dimensional Hopf algebra and (H, R) a quasitriangular bialgebra. Denote by H^*_R a certain deformation of the multiplication of H^* via R. We prove that H^*_R is a quantum commutative left H\otimes H^{op cop}-module algebra. If H is the Drinfel'd double of A then H^*_R is the Heisenberg double of A. We study the relation between H^*_R and Majid's "covariantised product". We give a formula for the canonical element of the Heisenberg double of A, solution to the pentagon equation, in terms of the R-matrix of the Drinfel'd double of A. We generalize a theorem of Jiang-Hua Lu on …
We give the construction of a class of weak Hopf algebras (or quantum groupoids) associated to a matched pair of groupoids and certain cocycle data. This generalizes a now well-known construction for Hopf algebras, first studied by G. I. Kac in the sixties. Our approach is based on the notion of double groupoids, as introduced by Ehresmann.
We provide an analog of the Drinfeld quantum double construction in the context of crossed Hopf group coalgebras introduced by Turaev. We prove that, provided the base group is finite, the double of a semisimple crossed Hopf group coalgebra is both modular and unimodular.
We classify Lagrangian subcategories of the representation category of a twisted quantum double of a finite group. In view of results of 0704.0195v2 this gives a complete description of all braided tensor equivalent pairs of twisted quantum doubles of finite groups. We also establish a canonical bijection between Lagrangian subcategories of the representation category of a twisted quantum double of a finite group G and module categories over the category of twisted G-graded vector spaces such that the dual tensor category is pointed. This can be viewed as a quantum version of V. Drinfeld's cha…
The cross coproduct braided group $Aut(C) \rcocross B$ is obtained by Tannaka-Krein reconstruction from $C^B\to C$ for a braided group $B$ in braided category $C$. We apply this construction to obtain partial solutions to two problems in braided group theory, namely the tensor problem and the braided double. We obtain $Aut(C)\rcocross Aut(C)\isom Aut(C)\lcross Aut(C)$ and higher braided group `spin chains'. The example of the braided group $B(R)\lcross B(R)\lcross...\lcross B(R)$ is described explicitly by R-matrix relations. We also obtain $Aut(C)\rcocross Aut(C)^*$ as a dual quasitriangular …
Dijkgraaf, Pasquier and Roche introduced twisted quantum doubles of a finite group in the context of conformal field theory. We study equivalences that arise among the braided monoidal categories associated to these quantum doubles, especially in the commutative case. This involves a close study of the cohomology of various complexes introduced by Eilenberg-MacLane. We show among other things that an equivalence of braided monoidal categories is the same as gauge equivalence of the corresponding quantum doubles, and that an invariant for an equivalence class is given by a metabolic quadratic s…
In this note we propose a construction of the Hopf algebra of a complex analog of devided powers of the Weyl generators of a semisimple simply-laced quantum group. Here we consider the generators as positive, self-adjoint operators. In particular, we generalize the Lusztig relations on the usual divided powers of generators of a quantum group to the case of complex devided powers of generators. These relations, some of which were known present the complete set of defining relations. As a by-product result, the pure algebraic definition of the Faddeev modular double in the case of semisimple si…
Partial $*$-algebraic quantum groups and Drinfeld doubles of partial compact quantum groups
本文提出偏代数量子群概念，将其作为带积分弱乘子 Hopf 代数的重要特例并推广偏紧量子群，进而证明偏紧量子群的 Drinfeld 偶可构造为偏 $*$-代数量子群。
The construction of a quantum groupoid out of a double groupoid satisfying a filling condition and a perturbation datum is given. This extends previous work that appeared in math.QA/0308228. Several important classes of examples of tensor categories are shown to fit into this construction. Certain invariants such as a pivotal group-like element and quantum and Frobenius-Perron dimensions of simple objects are computed.
Double quantum groups and Iwasawa decomposition
双量子群是复量子群下的Hopf代数，其中最简单的例子是量子洛伦兹群。它们是二重群$G \times G$的非标准量化.我们构造了相应的量子化泛包络代数（QUE），并证明了量子双群与它的QUE之间的配对是非退化的。我们分析了这类双量子群的表示理论，给出了Podles和Woronowicz证明的量子Lorentz群的Iwasawa分解的详细形式，并证明了它们是Noether代数.最后我们利用量子对偶群构造了更一般的非标准量子群及其推广。
We give a general description of the structure of a discrete double groupoid (with an extra, quite natural, filling condition) in terms of groupoid factorizations and groupoid 2-cocycles with coefficients in abelian group bundles. Our description goes as follows: To any double groupoid, we associate an abelian group bundle and a second double groupoid, its frame. The frame satisfies that every box is determined by its edges, and thus is called a `slim' double groupoid. In a first step, we prove that every double groupoid is obtained as an extension of its associated abelian group bundle by its…
We investigate the indicators for certain groups of the form $\BZ_k\rtimes D_l$ and their doubles, where $D_l$ is the dihedral group of order $2l$. We subsequently obtain an infinite family of totally orthogonal, completely real groups which are generated by involutions, and whose doubles admit modules with second indicator of -1. This provides us with answers to several questions concerning the doubles of totally orthogonal finite groups.
It is shown that there is a $C^*$-algebraic quantum group related to any double Lie group. An algebra underlying this quantum group is an algebra of a differential groupoid naturally associated with a double Lie group
The twisted Drinfeld double (or quasi-quantum double) of a finite group with a 3-cocycle is identified with a certain twisted groupoid algebra. The groupoid is the loop (or inertia) groupoid of the original group and the twisting is shown geometrically to be the loop transgression of the 3-cocycle. The twisted representation theory of finite groupoids is developed and used to derive properties of the Drinfeld double, such as representations being classified by their characters. This is all motivated by gerbes and 3-dimensional topological quantum field theory. In particular the representation …
We classify the module categories over the double (possibly twisted) of a finite group.
For a matched pair of locally compact quantum groups, we construct the double crossed product as a locally compact quantum group. This construction generalizes Drinfeld's quantum double construction. We study C*-algebraic properties of these double crossed products and several links between double crossed products and bicrossed products. In an appendix, we study the Radon-Nikodym derivative of a weight under a quantum group action, following Yamanouchi and obtain, as a corollary, a new characterization of closed quantum subgroups.
An extension of Quantum Group is described. We propose to unite the quantum groups with parameter q and with parameter modularly dual to q.
We investigate the braid group representations arising from categories of representations of twisted quantum doubles of finite groups. For these categories, we show that the resulting braid group representations always factor through finite groups, in contrast to the categories associated with quantum groups at roots of unity. We also show that in the case of p-groups, the corresponding pure braid group representations factor through a finite p-group, which answers a question asked of the first author by V. Drinfeld.
In this paper we explicitly determine all indicators for groups isomorphic to the semidirect product of two cyclic groups by an automorphism of prime order, as well as the generalized quaternion groups. We then compute the indicators for the Drinfel'd doubles of these groups. This first family of groups includes the dihedral groups, the non-abelian groups of order $pq$, and the semidihedral groups. We find that the indicators are all integers, with negative integers being possible in the first family only under certain specific conditions.
In this paper we explicitly determine all indicators for the Drinfel'd doubles of the symmetric group acting upon up to 10 objects. We explore when distinct characters give exactly the same indicators and when the indicators have a zero value. We find that the indicators are all non-negative integers, which supports our conjecture that the indicators for the Drinfel'd double of any symmetric group will be non-negative integers, just as they are for the symmetric groups themselves.
We study the construction of premonoidal categories, where the pentagon relation fails, through representations of finite group algebras and their quantum doubles. Both finite group algebras and their quantum doubles have a finite number of irreducible representations. We show that in each case there are at least $2^{n-1}$ inequivalent premonoidal categories of representations, where $n$ is the number of irreducible representations. By construction, for the case of finite group algebras the categories are symmetric whereas for the quantum doubles the categories are braided.
We describe all fusion subcategories of the representation category of a twisted quantum double of a finite group. In view of the fact that every group-theoretical braided fusion category can be embedded into a representation category of a twisted quantum double of a finite group, this gives a complete description of all group-theoretical braided fusion categories. We describe the lattice and give formulas for some invariants of the fusion subcategories of representation category of a twisted quantum double of a finite group. We also give a characterization of group-theoretical braided fusion …
In this paper, we carry out the ``quantum double construction'' of the specific quantum groups we constructed earlier, namely, the ``quantum Heisenberg group algebra'' (A,Δ) and its dual, the ``quantum Heisenberg group'' (\hat{A},\hatΔ). Our approach will be by constructing a suitable multiplicative unitary operator. In this way, we are able to retain the C*-algebra framework, and thus able to carry out our construction within the category of locally compact quantum groups. This construction is a kind of a generalized crossed product. To establish that the quantum double we obtain is indeed a …
We obtain new family of quasitriangular Hopf algebras $C^{0|n}_q\lcross \widetilde{U_q(su_n)}\rcross C^{0|n}_q$ via the author's recent double-bosonisation construction for new quantum groups. They are versions of $U_q(su_{n+1})$ with a fermionic rather than bosonic quantum plane of roots adjoined to $U_q(su_n)$. We give the $n=2$ case in detail. We also consider the anyonic-double of an anyonic ($Z/nZ$-graded) braided group and the double-bosonisation of the free braided group in $n$ variables.
We establish braided tensor equivalences among module categories over the twisted quantum double of a finite group defined by an extension of a group H by an abelian group, with 3-cocycle inflated from a 3-cocycle on H. We also prove that the canonical ribbon structure of the module category of any twisted quantum double of a finite group is preserved by braided tensor equivalences. We give two main applications: first, if G is an extra-special 2-group of width at least 2, we show that the quantum double of G twisted by a 3-cocycle w is gauge equivalent to a twisted quantum double of an elemen…
An algebraic framework for the Drinfeld double based on infinite groupoids
本文基于无限群胚构造 Drinfeld 双重，证明其保持弱乘子 Hopf 代数及代数量子群胚性质，并建立模对应与拟三角结构。
Poisson Lie Groups, Quantum Duality Principle, and the Quantum Double
一个霍普夫代数的海森堡二重可以看作是李群余切丛的量子模拟。量子对偶原理描述了一个霍普夫代数，它的对偶，和他们的海森堡双之间的关系，在某种程度上扩展了coadjoint轨道理论和经典傅里叶变换。我们还描述了扭曲海森堡双，这是相关的量子化的通用包络代数的非平凡变形的研究。
For a finite dimensional semisimple Lie algebra ${\frak{g}}$ and a root $q$ of unity in a field $k,$ we associate to these data a double quiver $\bar{\cal{Q}}.$ It is shown that a restricted version of the quantized enveloping algebras $U_q(\frak g)$ is a quotient of the double quiver algebra $k\bar{\cal Q}.$
Let $k$ be an algebraically closed field of odd characteristic $p$, and let $D_n$ be the dihedral group of order $2n$ such that $p\mid 2n$. Let $D(kD_n)$ denote the quantum double of the group algebra $kD_n$. In this paper, we describe the structures of all finite dimensional indecomposable left $D(kD_n)$-modules, equivalently, of all finite dimensional indecomposable Yetter-Drinfeld $kD_n$-modules, and classify them.
Higher genus partition functions of two-dimensional conformal field theories have to be invariants under linear actions of mapping class groups. We illustrate recent results [4,6] on the construction of such invariants by concrete expressions obtained for the case of Drinfeld doubles of finite groups. The results for doubles are independent of the characteristic of the underlying field, and the general results do not require any assumptions of semisimplicity.
We find the defining structures of two-parameter quantum groups $U_{r,s}(\frak g)$ corresponding to the orthogonal and the symplectic Lie algebras, which are realized as Drinfel'd doubles. We further investigate the environment conditions upon which the Lusztig's symmetries exist between $(U_{r,s}(\frak g), < ,>)$ and its associated object $(U_{s^{-1}, r^{-1}}(\frak g), < | >)$.
Dual and double canonical bases of quantum groups
本文通过几何方法证明量子群的对偶典范基与 Berenstein--Greenstein 的双典范基一致，解决了若干关于正性和辫群作用不变性的猜想。
Fundamentals of Poisson Lie Groups with Application to the Classical Double
我们给一个建设性的帐户的基本成分泊松李理论的基础上描述的经典双组$D$。群$G$的二重群有一个逐点分解$D\sim G\times G^*$，其中$G$和$G^*$是由构成李双代数的对偶李代数生成的李群。在Reshetikhin和Semenov-Tian-Shansky [1]的意义下，double是可因子分解的泊松李群的一个例子，并且通常仅在子群$G$本身是可因子分解的情况下才对其泊松结构进行研究。我们给出了一个明确的描述的泊松李结构的双重没有调用这个假设。这是通过一个直接计算，在无穷小的形式，对彼此的子群的敷料行动，并提供了一个新的和一般的推导泊松李结构的组$G^*$。以SU（2）的对偶为例，给出了SU（2）和SU（2 $)^*$）上Poisson李结构的辛叶.
The goal of this paper is to define a new class of objects which we call triple groups and to relate them with Cherednik's double affine Hecke algebras. This has as immediate consequences new descriptions of double affine Weyl and Artin groups, the double affine Hecke algebras as well as the corresponding elliptic objects. From the new descriptions we recover results of Cherednik on automorphisms of double affine Hecke algebras.
Quantum doubles of finite group algebras form a class of quasi-triangular Hopf algebras which algebraically solve the Yang--Baxter equation. Each representation of the quantum double then gives a matrix solution of the Yang--Baxter equation. Such solutions do not depend on a spectral parameter, and to date there has been little investigation into extending these solutions such that they do depend on a spectral parameter. Here we first explicitly construct the matrix elements of the generators for all irreducible representations of quantum doubles of the dihedral groups $D_n$. These results may…
We study the higher Frobenius-Schur indicators of the representations of the Drinfel'd double of a finite group G, in particular the question as to when all the indicators are integers. This turns out to be an interesting group-theoretic question. We show that many groups have this property, such as alternating and symmetric groups, PSL_2(q), M_{11}, M_{12} and regular nilpotent groups. However we show there is an irregular nilpotent group of order 5^6 with non-integer indicators.
We determine a substantial part of the unitary representation theory of the Drinfeld double of a $q$-deformation of a compact Lie group in terms of the complexification of the compact Lie group. Using this, we show that the dual of every $q$-deformation of a higher rank compact Lie group has central property ${\rm (T)}$. We also determine the unitary dual of $SL_q(n,\mathbb{C})$.
We prove two results about quantum doubles of finite groups over the complex field. The first result is the integrality theorem for higher Frobenius-Schur indicators for wreath product groups S_N#A^N, where A is a finite abelian group. A proof of this result for A=1 appears in arXiv:1208.4153. The second result is a lower bound for the largest possible number of irreducible representations of the quantum double of a finite group with at most n conjugacy classes. This answers a question asked to me by Eric Rowell.
Drinfeld double of quantum groups, tilting modules and $\mathbb{Z}$-modular data associated to complex reflection groups
本研究推广Lusztig与Malle关于复反射群幺正特征标及$\u2124$-模数据的工作，通过研究单复李代数Borel子代数量子包络代数Drinfeld double的倾斜模范畴，构造了部分对应数据的范畴化。
The representation theory of the Drinfeld doubles of dihedral groups is used to solve the Yang-Baxter equation. Use of the 2-dimensional representations recovers the six-vertex model solution. Solutions in arbitrary dimensions, which are viewed as descendants of the six-vertex model case, are then obtained using tensor product graph methods which were originally formulated for quantum algebras. Connections with the Fateev-Zamolodchikov model are discussed.
The versatility of the Drinfeld double of a finite group
本综述回顾了有限群的丁菲尔德对偶及其表示在调和分析、李代数等领域的应用，涉及汤姆·库恩温德的相关研究兴趣。
We generalise the quantum double construction of Drinfel'd to the case of the (Hopf) algebra of suitable functions on a compact or locally compact group. We will concentrate on the *-algebra structure of the quantum double. If the conjugacy classes in the group are countably separated, then we classify the irreducible *-representations by using the connection with so-called transformation group algebras. For finite groups, we will compare our description to the result of Dijkgraaf, Pasquier and Roche. Finally we will work out the explicit examples of SU(2) and SL(2,R).
We introduce a new class (in two versions) of rational double affine Hecke algebras (DaHa) associated to the spin symmetric group. We establish the basic properties of the algebras, such as PBW and Dunkl representation, and connections to Nazarov's degenerate affine Hecke-Clifford algebra and to a new degenerate affine Hecke algebra introduced here. We formulate a Morita equivalence between the two versions of rational DaHa's. The trigonometric generalization of the above constructions is also formulated and its relation to the rational counterpart is established.
This is an introduction to double algebras which is the structure modelled by the properties of the convolution product in Hopf algebras, weak Hopf algebras and in Hopf algebroids. We show that Hopf algebroids with a Frobenius integral can be characterized as the double algebras in which the two multiplications satisfy distributivity. We discuss questions of duality, antipode, Maschke theorem and examples.
The double covering of compact quantum group $SO_q(4)$
本文证明 $SU_q(2)\times SU_q(2)$ 是 $SO_q(4)$ 的双覆盖，通过验证 $\mathbb{Z}_2$ 为量子正规子群并给出商群同构。
A near-group fusion category is a fusion category C where all but 1 simple objects are invertible. Examples of these include the Tambara-Yamagami categories and the even sectors of the E6 and affine-D5 subfactors, though there are infinitely many others. We classify the near-group fusion categories, and compute their doubles and the modular data relevant to conformal field theory. Among other things, we explicitly construct over 40 new finite depth subfactors, with Jones index ranging from around 6.85 to around 14.93. We expect all of these doubles to be realised by rational conformal field th…
If G is a finite group and k is a field, there is a natural construction of a Hopf algebra over k associated to G, the Drinfel'd double D(G). We prove that if G is any finite real reflection group with Drinfel'd double D(G) over an algebraically closed field k of characteristic not 2, then every simple D(G)-module has Frobenius-Schur indicator +1. This generalizes the classical results for modules over the group itself. We also prove some new results about Weyl groups. In particular, we prove that any abelian subgroup is inverted by some involution. Also, if E is any elementary abelian 2-subgr…
We prove the first nontrivial reconstruction theorem for modular tensor categories: the category associated to any twisted Drinfeld double of any finite group, can be realised as the representation category of a completely rational conformal net. We also show that any twisted double of a solvable group is the category of modules of a completely rational vertex operator algebra. In the process of doing this, we identify the 3-cocycle twist for permutation orbifolds of holomorphic conformal nets: unexpectedly, it can be nontrivial, and depends on the value of the central charge modulo 24. In add…
Actions of Drinfeld doubles of finite groups on Artin-Schelter regular algebras
本文研究有限群的Drinfeld双群在Artin-Schelter正则代数上的内忠实作用及其不变量代数，并对8阶和16阶四元数群给出显式计算结果。
We construct a family of integrable Hamiltonian systems generalizing the relativistic periodic Toda lattice, which is recovered as a special case. The phase spaces of these systems are double Bruhat cells corresponding to pairs of Coxeter elements in the affine Weyl group. In the process we extend various results on double Bruhat cells in simple algebraic groups to the setting of Kac-Moody groups. We also generalize some fundamental results in Poisson-Lie theory to the setting of ind-algebraic groups, which is of interest beyond our immediate applications to integrable systems.
We investigate two-parameter quantum groups corresponding to the general linear and special linear Lie algebras gl_n and sl_n. We show that these quantum groups can be realized as Drinfel'd doubles of certain Hopf subalgebras with respect to Hopf pairings. Using the Hopf pairing, we construct a corresponding R-matrix and a quantum Casimir element. We discuss isomorphisms among these quantum groups and connections with multiparameter quantum groups.
Consider a Frobenius kernel G in a split semisimple algebraic group, in very good characteristic. We provide an analysis of support for the Drinfeld center Z(rep(G)) of the representation category for G, or equivalently for the representation category of the Drinfeld double of kG. We show that thick ideals in the corresponding stable category are classified by cohomological support, and calculate the Balmer spectrum of the stable category of Z(rep(G)). We also construct a $π$-point style rank variety for the Drinfeld double, identify $π$-point support with cohomological support, and show that …
We investigate representations of mapping class groups of surfaces that arise from the untwisted Drinfeld double of a finite group G, focusing on surfaces without marked points or with one marked point. We obtain concrete descriptions of such representations in terms of finite group data. This allows us to establish various properties of these representations. In particular we show that they have finite images, and that for surfaces of genus at least 3 their restriction to the Torelli group is non-trivial iff G is non-abelian.
We prove that the Drinfeld double of an arbitrary finite group scheme has finitely generated cohomology. That is to say, for G any finite group scheme, and D(G) the Drinfeld double of the group ring kG, we show that the self-extension algebra of the trivial representation for D(G) is a finitely generated algebra, and that for each D(G)-representation V the extensions from the trivial representation to V form a finitely generated module over the aforementioned algebra. As a corollary, we find that all categories rep(G)*_M dual to rep(G) are of also of finite type (i.e. have finitely generated c…
In view of applications to conformal field theory or to other branches of theoretical physics and mathematics, new examples of character tables for Drinfeld doubles of finite groups (modular data) are made available on a website.
A crucial role in representation theory of loop groups of reductive Lie groups and their Lie algebras is played by their non-trivial second cohomology classes which give rise to their central extensions (the affine Kac-Moody groups and Lie algebras). Loop groups embed into the group GL_\infty of continuous automorphisms of C((t)), and these classes come from a second cohomology class of GL_\infty. In a similar way, double loop groups embed into a group of automorphisms of C((t))((s)), denoted by GL_{\infty,\infty}, which has a non-trivial third cohomology. In this paper we explain how to reali…
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