We consider two families of commuting Hamiltonians on the cotangent bundle of the group GL(n,C), and show that upon an appropriate single symplectic reduction they descend to the spectral invariants of the hyperbolic Sutherland and of the rational Ruijsenaars-Schneider Lax matrices, respectively. The duality symplectomorphism between these two integrable models, that was constructed by Ruijsenaars using direct methods, can be then interpreted geometrically simply as a gauge transformation connecting two cross sections of the orbits of the reduction group.
We obtain Bäcklund transformations and integrable time discretization of the recently introduced deformed Ruijsenaars-Schneider many-body system which is the dynamical system for poles of elliptic solutions to the Toda lattice with constraint of type B. We also show that the deformed Ruijsenaars-Schneider system in discrete time is the dynamical system for poles of elliptic solutions to the fully discrete Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation of type B. Besides, we suggest a field analogue of the deformed Ruijsenaars-Schneider system on a space-time lattice.
It is shown that the ground-state equilibrium configurations of the trigonometric BC-type Ruijsenaars-Schneider systems are given by the zeros of Askey-Wilson polynomials.
We find integrals of motion for the recently introduced deformed Ruijsenaars-Schneider many-body system which is the dynamical system for poles of elliptic solutions to the Toda lattice with constraint of type B. Our method is based on the fact that equations of motion for this system coincide with those for pairs of Ruijsenaars-Schneider particles which stick together preserving a special fixed distance between the particles.
We consider solutions of the 2D Toda lattice hierarchy which are trigonometric functions of the ``zeroth'' time $t_0=x$. It is known that their poles move as particles of the trigonometric Ruijsenaars-Schneider model. We extend this correspondence to the level of hierarchies: the dynamics of poles with respect to the $m$-th hierarchical time $t_m$ (respectively, $\bar t_m$) of the 2D Toda lattice hierarchy is shown to be governed by the Hamiltonian which is proportional to the $m$-th Hamiltonian $\mbox{tr}\, L^m$ (respectively, $\mbox{tr}\, L^{-m}$) of the Ruijsenaars-Schneider model, where $L…
We constract a spin-shift relation of the trigonometric Ruijsenaars-Schneider Hamiltonian of type $C_n$. This is a succesive study of our previous paper whose title is " A Spin-Shift Operator of the Multi-particle Ruijsenaars-Schneider Hamiltonian" in Lett. Math. Phys. 60 pp.59-61, (2002).
In this paper, we construct a quadratic r-matrix structure for the classical rational BC(n) Ruijsenaars-Schneider-van Diejen system with the maximal number of three independent coupling parameters. As a byproduct, we provide a Lax representation of the dynamics as well.
The rational and hyperbolic Ruijsenaars-Schneider models and their non-relativistic limits are maximally superintegrable since they admit action variables with globally well-defined canonical conjugates. In the case of the rational Ruijsenaars-Schneider model we present an alternative proof of the superintegrability by explicitly exhibiting extra conserved quantities relying on a generalization of the construction of Wojciechowski for the rational Calogero model.
A simple derivation of the spectra of the action-variables of the quantized compactified Ruijsenaars-Schneider system is presented. The spectra are obtained by combining Kahler quantization with the identification of the classical action-variables as a standard toric moment map on the complex projective space. The result is consistent with the Schrodinger quantization of the system worked out previously by van Diejen and Vinet.
We study multiplicative quiver varieties associated to specific extensions of cyclic quivers with $m\geq 2$ vertices. Their global Poisson structure is characterised by quasi-Hamiltonian algebras related to these quivers, which were studied by Van den Bergh for an arbitrary quiver. We show that the spaces are generically isomorphic to the case $m=1$ corresponding to an extended Jordan quiver. This provides a set of local coordinates, which we use to interpret integrable systems as spin variants of the trigonometric Ruijsenaars-Schneider system. This generalises to new spin cases recent works o…
We place the hyperbolic quantum Ruijsenaars-Schneider system with an exponential Morse term on a lattice and diagonalize the resulting $n$-particle model by means of multivariate continuous dual $q$-Hahn polynomials that arise as a parameter reduction of the Macdonald-Koornwinder polynomials. This allows to compute the $n$-particle scattering operator, to identify the bispectral dual system, and to confirm the quantum integrability in a Hilbert space set-up.
We consider solutions of the 2D Toda lattice hierarchy which are elliptic functions of the zeroth time t_0=x. It is known that their poles as functions of t_1 move as particles of the elliptic Ruijsenaars-Schneider model. The goal of this paper is to extend this correspondence to the level of hierarchies. We show that the Hamiltonians which govern the dynamics of poles with respect to the m-th hierarchical times t_m and \bar t_m of the 2D Toda lattice hierarchy are obtained from expansion of the spectral curve for the Lax matrix of the Ruijsenaars-Schneider model at the marked points.
We examine the Hamiltonian structures of some Calogero-Moser and Ruijsenaars-Schneider N-body integrable models. We propose explicit formulations of the bihamiltonian structures for the discrete models, and field-theoretical realizations of these structures. We discuss the relevance of these realizations as collective-field theory for the discrete models.
In a symplectic reduction framework we construct action-angle systems of canonical coordinates for both the hyperbolic Sutherland and the rational Ruijsenaars-Schneider-van Diejen integrable models associated with the C(n) root system. The presented dual reduction picture permits us to establish the action-angle duality between these many-particle systems.
In this paper, we construct canonical action-angle variables for both the hyperbolic BC(n) Sutherland and the rational BC(n) Ruijsenaars-Schneider-van Diejen models with three independent coupling constants. As a byproduct of our symplectic reduction approach, we establish the action-angle duality between these many-particle systems. The presented dual reduction picture builds upon the construction of a Lax matrix for the BC(n)-type rational Ruijsennars-Schneider-van Diejen model.
An explicit expression of a Hamiltonian form of an elliptic spin Ruijsenaars-Schneider is found in the case of 2 particles using Krichever-Phong's universal symplectic form. In the rational limit it coincides with a Poisson bracket found by Arutyunov and Frolov.
We explain that the action-angle duality between the rational Ruijsenaars-Schneider and hyperbolic Sutherland systems implies immediately the maximal superintegrability of these many-body systems. We also present a new direct proof of the Darboux form of the reduced symplectic structure that arises in the `Ruijsenaars gauge' of the symplectic reduction underlying this case of action-angle duality. The same arguments apply to the BC(n) generalization of the pertinent dual pair, which was recently studied by Pusztai developing a method utilized in our direct calculation of the reduced symplectic…
In this paper, we investigate the scattering properties of the hyperbolic BC(n) Sutherland and the rational BC(n) Ruijsenaars-Schneider-van Diejen many-particle systems with three independent coupling constants. Utilizing the recently established action-angle duality between these classical integrable models, we construct their wave and scattering maps. In particular, we prove that for both particle systems the scattering map has a factorized form.
Ruijsenaars-Schneider models associated with $A_{n-1}$ root system with a discrete coupling constant are studied. The eigenvalues of the Hamiltonian are givein in terms of the Bethe ansatz formulas. Taking the "non-relativistic" limit, we obtain the spectrum of the corresponding Calogero-Moser systems in the third formulas of Felder et al [20].
We conjecture the quantum analogue of the classical trace formulae for the integrals of motion of the quantum hyperbolic Ruijsenaars-Schneider model. This is done by departing from the classical construction where the corresponding model is obtained from the Heisenberg double by the Poisson reduction procedure. We also discuss some algebraic structures associated to the Lax matrix in the classical and quantum theory which arise upon introduction of the spectral parameter.
We suggest a Hamiltonian formulation for the spin Ruijsenaars-Schneider system in the trigonometric case. Within this interpretation, the phase space is obtained by a quasi-Hamiltonian reduction performed on (the cotangent bundle to) a representation space of a framed Jordan quiver. For arbitrary quivers, analogous varieties were introduced by Crawley-Boevey and Shaw, and their interpretation as quasi-Hamiltonian quotients was given by Van den Bergh. Using Van den Bergh's formalism, we construct commuting Hamiltonian functions on the phase space and identify one of the flows with the spin Ruij…
We discuss a self-dual form or the Bäcklund transformations for the continuous (in time variable) ${\rm gl}_N$ Ruijsenaars-Schneider model. It is based on the first order equations in $N+M$ complex variables which include $N$ positions of particles and $M$ dual variables. The latter satisfy equations of motion of the ${\rm gl}_M$ Ruijsenaars-Schneider model. In the elliptic case it holds $M=N$ while for the rational and trigonometric models $M$ is not necessarily equal to $N$. Our consideration is similar to the previously obtained results for the Calogero-Moser models which are recovered in t…
We propose and test exact quantization conditions for the $N$-particle quantum elliptic Ruijsenaars-Schneider integrable system, as well as its Calogero-Moser limit, based on the conjectural correspondence to the five-dimensional $\mathcal{N} = 1$ $SU(N)$ gauge theory in the Nekrasov-Shatashvili limit. We discuss two natural sets of quantization conditions, related by the electro-magnetic duality, and the importance of non-perturbative corrections in the Planck constant. We also comment on the eigenfunction problem, by reinterpreting the Separation of Variables approach in gauge theory terms.
The relationship (resemblance and/or contrast) between quantum and classical integrability in Ruijsenaars-Schneider systems, which are one parameter deformation of Calogero-Moser systems, is addressed. Many remarkable properties of classical Calogero and Sutherland systems (based on any root system) at equilibrium are reported in a previous paper (Corrigan-Sasaki). For example, the minimum energies, frequencies of small oscillations and the eigenvalues of Lax pair matrices at equilibrium are all "integer valued". In this paper we report that similar features and results hold for the Ruijsenaar…
The Ruijsenaars-Schneider models are conventionally regarded as relativistic generalizations of the Calogero integrable systems. Surprisingly enough, their supersymmetric generalizations escaped attention. In this work, N=2 supersymmetric extensions of the rational and hyperbolic Ruijsenaars-Schneider three-body models are constructed within the framework of the Hamiltonian formalism. It is also known that the rational model can be described by the geodesic equations associated with a metric connection. We demonstrate that the hyperbolic systems are linked to non-metric connections.
Recently, Fehér and Kluck discovered, at the level of classical mechanics, new compactified trigonometric Ruijsenaars-Schneider $n$-particle systems, with phase space symplectomorphic to the $(n-1)$-dimensional complex projective space. In this article, we quantize the so-called type (i) instances of these systems and explicitly solve the joint eigenvalue problem for the corresponding quantum Hamiltonians by generalising previous results of van Diejen and Vinet. Specifically, the quantum Hamiltonians are realized as discrete difference operators acting in a finite-dimensional Hilbert space of …
We show that a monic polynomial in a discrete variable $n$, with coefficients depending on time variables $t_1, t_2,...$ is a $τ$-function for the discrete Kadomtsev-Petviashvili hierarchy if and only if the motion of its zeros is governed by a hierarchy of Ruijsenaars-Schneider systems. These $τ$-functions were considered in [12], where it was proved that they parametrize rank one solutions to a difference-differential version of the bispectral problem.
The equivalence of two complete sets of Poisson commuting Hamiltonians of the (super)integrable rational BC(n) Ruijsenaars-Schneider-van Diejen system is established. Specifically, the commuting Hamiltonians constructed by van Diejen are shown to be linear combinations of the Hamiltonians generated by the characteristic polynomial of the Lax matrix obtained recently by Pusztai, and the explicit formula of this invertible linear transformation is found.
We report on the the trigonometric spin Ruijsenaars--Sutherland hierarchy derived recently by Poisson reduction of a bi-Hamiltonian hierarchy associated with free geodesic motion on the Lie group U(n). In particular, we give a direct proof of a previously stated result about the form of the second Poisson bracket in terms of convenient variables.
We present a direct construction of compact real forms of the trigonometric and elliptic $n$-particle Ruijsenaars-Schneider systems whose completed center-of-mass phase space is the complex projective space $\mathbb{CP}^{n-1}$ with the Fubini-Study symplectic structure. These systems are labelled by an integer $p\in\{1,\dots,n-1\}$ relative prime to $n$ and a coupling parameter $y$ varying in a certain punctured interval around $pπ/n$. Our work extends Ruijsenaars's pioneering study of compactifications that imposed the restriction $0<y<π/n$, and also builds on an earlier derivation of more ge…
Integrable deformations of the hyperbolic and trigonometric ${\mathrm{BC}}_n$ Sutherland models were recently derived via Hamiltonian reduction of certain free systems on the Heisenberg doubles of ${\mathrm{SU}}(n,n)$ and ${\mathrm{SU}}(2n)$, respectively. As a step towards constructing action-angle variables for these models, we here apply the same reduction to a different free system on the double of ${\mathrm{SU}}(2n)$ and thereby obtain a novel integrable many-body model of Ruijsenaars--Schneider--van Diejen type that is in action-angle duality with the respective deformed Sutherland model…
We study the Lagrange formalism of the (rational) Ruijsenaars-Schneider (RS) system, both in discrete time as well as in continuous time, as a further example of a Lagrange 1-form structure in the sense of the recent paper [24]. The discrete-time model of the RS system was established some time ago arising via an Ansatz of a Lax pair, and was shown to lead to an exactly integrable correspondence (multivalued map)[15]. In this paper we consider an extended system representing a family of commuting flows of this type, and establish a connection with the lattice KP system. In the Lagrangian 1-for…
We introduce a new integrable hierarchy of nonlinear differential-difference equations which we call constrained Toda hierarchy (C-Toda). It can be regarded as a certain subhierarchy of the 2D Toda lattice obtained by imposing the constraint $\bar {\cal L}={\cal L}^†$ on the two Lax operators (in the symmetric gauge). We prove the existence of the tau-function of the C-Toda hierarchy and show that it is the square root of the 2D Toda lattice tau-function. In this and some other respects the C-Toda is a Toda analogue of the CKP hierarchy. It is also shown that zeros of the tau-function of ellip…
We develop a general scheme to construct integrable systems starting from realizations in symmetric coboundary dynamical Lie algebroids and symmetric coboundary Poisson groupoids. The method is based on the successive use of Dirac reduction and Poisson reduction. Then we show that certain spin Calogero-Moser systems associated with symmetric Lie subalgebras can be studied in this fashion. We also consider some spin-generalized Ruisjenaars- Schneider equations which correspond to the $N$-soliton solutions of $A^{(1)}_n$ affine Toda field theory. In this case, we show how the equations are obtai…
We study some classical integrable systems naturally associated with multiplicative quiver varieties for the (extended) cyclic quiver with $m$ vertices. The phase space of our integrable systems is obtained by quasi-Hamiltonian reduction from the space of representations of the quiver. Three families of Poisson-commuting functions are constructed and written explicitly in suitable Darboux coordinates. The case $m=1$ corresponds to the tadpole quiver and the Ruijsenaars-Schneider system and its variants, while for $m>1$ we obtain new integrable systems that generalise the Ruijsenaars-Schneider …
We construct an ${\cal N}{=}\,2$ supersymmetric extension of $n$-particle Ruijsenaars-Schneider models. The guiding feature is a deformation of the phase space. The supercharges have a "free" form linear in the fermions but produce an interacting four-fermion Hamiltonian. A field-dependent unitary transformation maps to standard fermions obeying conventional Poisson brackets. In this frame, the supercharges and Hamiltonian have long "fermionic tails". We also comment on previous attempts in this direction.
Besides its usual interpretation as a system of $n$ indistinguishable particles moving on the circle, the trigonometric Sutherland system can be viewed alternatively as a system of distinguishable particles on the circle or on the line, and these 3 physically distinct systems are in duality with corresponding variants of the rational Ruijsenaars-Schneider system. We explain that the 3 duality relations, first obtained by Ruijsenaars in 1995, arise naturally from the Kazhdan-Kostant-Sternberg symplectic reductions of the cotangent bundles of the group U(n) and its covering groups $U(1) \times S…
We present a very simple form of the supercharges and the Hamiltonian of ${\cal N} {=}\,2$ supersymmetric extension of $n$-particle Ruijsenaars--Schneider models for three cases of the interaction: $1/(x_i-x_j)$, $1/tan(x_i-x_j)$, $1/tanh(x_i-x_j)$. The long "fermionic tails" of the supercharges and Hamiltonian rolled up in the simple rational functions depending on fermionic bilinears.
We describe the correspondence of the Matsuo-Cherednik type between the quantum $n$-body Ruijsenaars-Schneider model and the quantum Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov equations related to supergroup $GL(N|M)$. The spectrum of the Ruijsenaars-Schneider Hamiltonians is shown to be independent of the ${\mathbb Z}_2$-grading for a fixed value of $N+M$, so that $N+M+1$ different qKZ systems of equations lead to the same $n$-body quantum problem. The obtained results can be viewed as a quantization of the previously described quantum-classical correspondence between the classical $n$-body Ruijsenaars-Schneider…
An integrable supersymmetric generalization of the trigonometric Ruijsenaars-Schneider model is presented whose symmetry algebra includes the super Poincaré algebra. Moreover, its Hamiltonian is showed to be diagonalized by the recently introduced Macdonald superpolynomials. Somewhat surprisingly, the consistency of the scalar product forces the discreteness of the Hilbert space.
We discuss the correspondence between models solved by Bethe ansatz and classical integrable systems of Calogero type. We illustrate the correspondence by the simplest example of the inhomogeneous asymmetric 6-vertex model parametrized by trigonometric (hyperbolic) functions.
We derive a Hamiltonian structure for the $N$-particle hyperbolic spin Ruijsenaars-Schneider model by means of Poisson reduction of a suitable initial phase space. This phase space is realised as the direct product of the Heisenberg double of a factorisable Lie group with another symplectic manifold that is a certain deformation of the standard canonical relations for $N\ell$ conjugate pairs of dynamical variables. We show that the model enjoys the Poisson-Lie symmetry of the spin group ${\rm GL}_{\ell}({\mathbb C})$ which explains its superintegrability. Our results are obtained in the formal…
The reduction of the quasi-Hamiltonian double of ${\mathrm{SU}}(n)$ that has been shown to underlie Ruijsenaars' compactified trigonometric $n$-body system is studied in its natural generality. The constraints contain a parameter $y$, restricted in previous works to $0<y < π/n$ because Ruijsenaars' original compactification relies on an equivalent condition. It is found that allowing generic $0<y<π/2$ results in the appearance of new self-dual compact forms, of two qualitatively different types depending on the value of $y$. The type (i) cases are similar to the standard case in that the reduc…
The Delzant theorem of symplectic topology is used to derive the completely integrable compactified Ruijsenaars-Schneider III(b) system from a quasi-Hamiltonian reduction of the internally fused double SU(n) x SU(n). In particular, the reduced spectral functions depending respectively on the first and second SU(n) factor of the double engender two toric moment maps on the III(b) phase space CP(n-1) that play the roles of action-variables and particle-positions. A suitable central extension of the SL(2,Z) mapping class group of the torus with one boundary component is shown to act on the quasi-…
Fix a Weierstrass cubic curve $E$, and an element $σ$ in the Jacobian variety $\mathrm{Jac}\, E$ corresponding to the line bundle $\mathcal L_σ$. We introduce a space $\mathsf{RS}_{σ, n}(E, V)$ of pure 1-dimensional sheaves living in $S_σ= \mathbb{P}(\mathcal O \oplus \mathcal L_σ)$ together with framing data at the $0$ and $\infty$ sections $E_0, E_\infty \subset S_σ$. For a particular choice of $V$, we show that the space $\mathsf{RS}_{σ, n}(E, V)$ is isomorphic to a completed phase space for the spin Ruijsenaars-Schneider system, with the Hamiltonian vector fields given by tweaking flows on…
We present a new case of duality between integrable many-body systems, where two systems live on the action-angle phase spaces of each other in such a way that the action variables of each system serve as the particle positions of the other one. Our investigation utilizes an idea that was exploited previously to provide group-theoretic interpretation for several dualities discovered originally by Ruijsenaars. In the group-theoretic framework one applies Hamiltonian reduction to two Abelian Poisson algebras of invariants on a higher dimensional phase space and identifies their reductions as act…
We first exhibit two compatible Poisson structures on the cotangent bundle of the unitary group $\mathrm{U}(n)$ in such a way that the invariant functions of the $\mathfrak{u}(n)^*$-valued momenta generate a bi-Hamiltonian hierarchy. One of the Poisson structures is the canonical one and the other one arises from embedding the Heisenberg double of the Poisson-Lie group $\mathrm{U}(n)$ into $T^*\mathrm{U}(n)$, and subsequently extending the embedded Poisson structure to the full cotangent bundle. We then apply Poisson reduction to the bi-Hamiltonian hierarchy on $T^*\mathrm{U}(n)$ using the con…
The equilibrium positions of the multi-particle classical Calogero-Sutherland-Moser (CSM) systems with rational/trigonometric potentials associated with the classical root systems are described by the classical orthogonal polynomials; the Hermite, Laguerre and Jacobi polynomials. The eigenfunctions of the corresponding single-particle quantum CSM systems are also expressed in terms of the same orthogonal polynomials. We show that this interesting property is inherited by the Ruijsenaars-Schneider-van Diejen (RSvD) systems, which are integrable deformation of the CSM systems; the equilibrium po…
This thesis presents our results on Liouville integrable systems of Calogero-Ruijsenaars type: 1. We prove an explicit formula providing canonical spectral coordinates for the rational Calogero-Moser system. 2. We explore action-angle duality for the trigonometric BC(n) Sutherland system using Hamiltonian reduction. 3. We derive a Poisson-Lie deformation of the trigonometric BC(n) Sutherland system using Hamiltonian reduction. 4. We construct a Lax pair for the hyperbolic Ruijsenaars-Schneider system with two couplings. 5. We present an explicit construction of compactified trigonometric and e…
The trigonometric Ruijsenaars-Schneider model is derived by symplectic reduction of Poisson-Lie symmetric free motion on the group U(n). The commuting flows of the model are effortlessly obtained by reducing canonical free flows on the Heisenberg double of U(n). The free flows are associated with a very simple Lax matrix, which is shown to yield the Ruijsenaars-Schneider Lax matrix upon reduction.
Hamiltonian reduction is used to project a trivially integrable system on the Heisenberg double of $SU(n,n)$, to obtain a system of Ruijsenaars type on a suitable quotient space. This system possesses $BC_n$ symmetry and is shown to be equivalent to the standard three-parameter $BC_n$ hyperbolic Sutherland model in the cotangent bundle limit.
In this paper we study the scattering theory of the classical hyperbolic Sutherland model associated with the C(n) root system. We prove that for any values of the coupling constants the scattering map has a factorized form. As a byproduct of our analysis, we propose a Lax matrix for the rational C(n) Ruijsenaars-Schneider-van Diejen model with two independent coupling constants, thereby setting the stage to establish the duality between the hyperbolic C(n) Sutherland and the rational C(n) Ruijsenaars-Schneider-van Diejen models.
