The binary primitive triple-error-correcting BCH code is a cyclic code of minimum distance 7 with generator polynomial having zeros $α$, $α^3$ and $α^5$ where $α$ is a primitive root of unity. The zero set of the code is said to be {1,3,5}. In the 1970's Kasami showed that one can construct similar triple-error-correcting codes using zero sets consisting of different triples than the BCH codes. Furthermore, in 2000 Chang et. al. found new triples leading to triple-error-correcting codes. In this paper a new such triple is presented. In addition a new method is presented that may be of interest in finding further such triples.
Entanglement-assisted quantum error correcting codes (EAQECCs) constructed from Reed-Solomon codes and BCH codes are considered in this work. It is provided a complete and explicit formula for the parameters of EAQECCs coming from any Reed-Solomon code, for the Hermitian metric, and from any BCH code with extension degree $2$ and consecutive cyclotomic cosets, for both the Euclidean and the Hermitian metric. The main task in this work is the computation of a completely general formula for $c$, the minimum number of required maximally entangled quantum states.
Discovered by Bose, Chaudhuri and Hocquenghem, the BCH family of error correcting codes are one of the most studied families in coding theory. They are also among the best performing codes, particularly when the number of errors being corrected is small relative to the code length. In this article we consider binary codes with minimum distance of 7. We construct new families of codes with these BCH parameters via a generalisation of the Kasami-Welch Theorem.
The concept of asymmetric entanglement-assisted quantum error-correcting code (asymmetric EAQECC) is introduced in this article. Codes of this type take advantage of the asymmetry in quantum errors since phase-shift errors are more probable than qudit-flip errors. Moreover, they use pre-shared entanglement between encoder and decoder to simplify the theory of quantum error correction and increase the communication capacity. Thus, asymmetric EAQECCs can be constructed from any pair of classical linear codes over an arbitrary field. Their parameters are described and a Gilbert-Varshamov bound is…
Cyclic codes are an interesting class of linear codes due to their efficient encoding and decoding algorithms as well as their theoretical importance. BCH codes form a subclass of cyclic codes and are very important in both theory and practice as they have good error-correcting capability and are widely used in communication systems, storage devices and consumer electronics. However, the dimension and minimum distance of BCH codes are not known in general. The objective of this paper is to study the dimension and minimum distance of a family of BCH codes over finite fields, i.e., a class of re…
Low-density parity check (LDPC) codes are an important class of codes with many applications. Two algebraic methods for constructing regular LDPC codes are derived -- one based on nonprimitive narrow-sense BCH codes and the other directly based on cyclotomic cosets. The constructed codes have high rates and are free of cycles of length four; consequently, they can be decoded using standard iterative decoding algorithms. The exact dimension and bounds for the minimum distance and stopping distance are derived. These constructed codes can be used to derive quantum error-correcting codes.
Reed-Solomon codes, a type of BCH codes, are widely employed in communication systems, storage devices and consumer electronics. This fact demonstrates the importance of BCH codes -- a family of cyclic codes -- in practice. In theory, BCH codes are among the best cyclic codes in terms of their error-correcting capability. A subclass of BCH codes are the narrow-sense primitive BCH codes. However, the dimension and minimum distance of these codes are not known in general. The objective of this paper is to determine the dimension and minimum distances of two classes of narrow-sense primitive BCH …
Watermarking is a technique for hiding of data in a medium coverage so that its presence is not detectable by a human eye and is recoverable only by the authorized recipient. Two of the most important features of watermarked image are transparency and robustness which are largely related to the security of watermarking algorithms. In this paper, an image watermarking scheme based on BCH error correction code in Discrete Cosine Transformation (DCT) domain is considered. Before embedding process, the watermark is encoded through BCH coding. Then it is embedded into the Discrete Cosine Transforma…
We compare the performance of short-length linear binary codes on the binary erasure channel and the binary-input Gaussian channel. We use a universal decoder that can decode any linear binary block code: Gaussian-elimination based Maximum-Likelihood decoder on the erasure channel and probabilistic Ordered Statistics Decoder on the Gaussian channel. As such we compare codes and not decoders. The word error rate versus the channel parameter is found for LDPC, Reed-Muller, Polar, and BCH codes at length 256 bits. BCH codes outperform other codes in absence of cyclic redundancy check. Under joint…
In this paper we propose a technique to blindly synthesize the generator polynomial of BCH codes. The proposed technique involves finding Greatest Common Divisor (GCD) among different codewords and block lengths. Based on this combinatorial GCD calculation, correlation values are found. For a valid block length, the iterative GCD calculation results either into generator polynomial or some of its higher order multiples. These higher order polynomials are factorized under modulo-2 operation, and one of the resulting factors is always the generator polynomial which further increases the correlat…
BCH (Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghen) error correcting codes ([1]-[2]) are now widely used in communication systems and digital technology. Direct LFSR(linear feedback shifted register)-based encoding of a long BCH code suffers from serial-in and serial-out limitation and large fanout effect of some XOR gates. This makes the LFSR-based encoders of long BCH codes cannot keep up with the data transmission speed in some applications. Several parallel long parallel encoders for long cyclic codes have been proposed in [3]-[8]. The technique for eliminating the large fanout effect by J-unfolding method a…
Error Correcting Codes are required to have a reliable communication through a medium that has an unacceptable bit error rate and low signal to noise ratio. In IEEE 802.15.6 2.4GHz Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN), data gets corrupted during the transmission and reception due to noises and interferences. Ultra low power operation is crucial to prolong the life of implantable devices. Hence simple block codes like BCH (63, 51, 2) can be employed in the transceiver design of 802.15.6 Narrowband PHY. In this paper, implementation of BCH (63, 51, t = 2) Encoder and Decoder using VHDL is discussed…
The HQC encryption framework is a general code-based encryption scheme for which decryption returns a noisy version of the plaintext. Any instantiation of the scheme will therefore use an error-correcting procedure relying on a fixed auxiliary code. Unlike the McEliece encryption framework whose security is directly related to how well one can hide the structure of an error-correcting code, the security reduction of the HQC encryption framework is independent of the nature of the auxiliary decoding procedure which is publicly available. What is expected from it is that the decoding algorithm i…
Based on a sufficient condition proposed by Hollmann and Xiang for constructing triple-error-correcting codes, the minimum distance of a binary cyclic code $\mathcal{C}_{1,3,13}$ with three zeros $α$, $α^3$, and $α^{13}$ of length $2^m-1$ and the weight divisibility of its dual code are studied, where $m\geq 5$ is odd and $α$ is a primitive element of the finite field $\mathbb{F}_{2^m}$. The code $\mathcal{C}_{1,3,13}$ is proven to have the same weight distribution as the binary triple-error-correcting primitive BCH code $\mathcal{C}_{1,3,5}$ of the same length.
In this paper we study array-based codes over graphs for correcting multiple node failures. These codes have applications to neural networks, associative memories, and distributed storage systems. We assume that the information is stored on the edges of a complete undirected graph and a node failure is the event where all the edges in the neighborhood of a given node have been erased. A code over graphs is called $ρ$-node-erasure-correcting if it allows to reconstruct the erased edges upon the failure of any $ρ$ nodes or less. We present a binary optimal construction for double-node-erasure co…
Due to mushroom development of wireless devices cognitive radio is used to resolve the bandwidth utilization and sacristy problem. The crafty usage of bandwidth in cognitive radio based on error correcting codes is ensured to accomodate un authorized user. This study proposes a transmission model by which a finite sequence of binary cyclic codes constructed by a binary BCH code of length $n=2^{s}-1$, in which all codes have same error correction capability and code rate but sequentially increasing code lengths greater than $n$. Initially all these codes are carrying data of their corresponding…
Asymptotically Tight Bounds for Generalized Covering Radii of Binary Primitive BCH Codes at All Higher Orders
Technion – Israel Institute of Technology（以色列理工学院）；Tel-Hai University of Kiryat Shmona in the Galilee（加利利基里亚特什莫纳泰尔海大学）；MIGAL – Galilee Research Institute（米加尔-加利利研究所）
In this paper we compute the Fourier spectra of some recently discovered binomial APN functions. One consequence of this is the determination of the nonlinearity of the functions, which measures their resistance to linear cryptanalysis. Another consequence is that certain error-correcting codes related to these functions have the same weight distribution as the 2-error-correcting BCH code. Furthermore, for fields of odd degree, our results provide an alternative proof of the APN property of the functions.
Existence and Constructions of Strict Function-Correcting Codes with Data Protection
The International Institute of Information Technology Hyderabad（印度国际信息技术学院海得拉巴分校）；Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru（印度科学研究所班加罗尔）；Aalto University（阿尔托大学）
To equip DNA-based data storage with random-access capabilities, Yazdi et al. (2018) prepended DNA strands with specially chosen address sequences called primers and provided certain design criteria for these primers. We provide explicit constructions of error-correcting codes that are suitable as primer addresses and equip these constructions with efficient encoding algorithms. Specifically, our constructions take cyclic or linear codes as inputs and produce sets of primers with similar error-correcting capabilities. Using certain classes of BCH codes, we obtain infinite families of primer se…
We investigate and compare different options for updating the error correcting code currently used in space mission telecommand links. Taking as a reference the solutions recently emerged as the most promising ones, based on Low-Density Parity-Check codes, we explore the behavior of alternative schemes, based on parallel concatenated turbo codes and soft-decision decoded BCH codes. Our analysis shows that these further options can offer similar or even better performance.
In this paper we extend to asymmetric quantum error-correcting codes (AQECC) the construction methods, namely: puncturing, extending, expanding, direct sum and the (u|u + v) construction. By applying these methods, several families of asymmetric quantum codes can be constructed. Consequently, as an example of application of quantum code expansion developed here, new families of asymmetric quantum codes derived from generalized Reed-Muller (GRM) codes, quadratic residue (QR), Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem (BCH), character codes and affine-invariant codes are constructed.
The construction of optimal linear block error-correcting codes is not an easy problem, for this, many studies describe methods for generating good error correcting codes in terms of minimum distance. In a previous work, we have presented the multiple impulse method (MIM) to evaluate the minimum distance of linear codes. In this paper we will present an optimization of the MIM method by genetic algorithms, and we found many new optimal Double and Triple Circulant Codes (DCC & TCC) with the highest known parameters using the MIM method as an evaluator of the minimum distance. Two approaches are…
Guessing Random Additive Noise Decoding (GRAND) is a recently proposed Maximum Likelihood (ML) decoding technique. Irrespective of the structure of the error correcting code, GRAND tries to guess the noise that corrupted the codeword in order to decode any linear error-correcting block code. GRAND Markov Order (GRAND-MO) is a variant of GRAND that is useful to decode error correcting code transmitted over communication channels with memory which are vulnerable to burst noise. Usually, interleavers and de-interleavers are used in communication systems to mitigate the effects of channel memory. …
In this paper, we present two new ways of quantum synchronization coding based on the $(\bm{u}+\bm{v}|\bm{u}-\bm{v})$ construction and the product construction respectively, and greatly enrich the varieties of available quantum synchronizable codes. The circumstances where the maximum synchronization error tolerance can be reached are explained for both constructions. Furthermore, repeated-root cyclic codes derived from the $(\bm{u}+\bm{v}|\bm{u}-\bm{v})$ construction are shown to be able to provide better Pauli error-correcting capability than BCH codes.
A general framework describing the statistical discrimination of an ensemble of quantum channels is given by the name of quantum reading. Several tools can be applied in quantum reading to reduce the error probability in distinguishing the ensemble of channels. Classical and quantum codes can be envisioned for this goal. The aim of this paper is to present a simple but fruitful protocol for this task using classical error-correcting codes. Three families of codes are considered: Reed-Solomon codes, BCH codes, and Reed-Muller codes. In conjunction to the use of codes, we also analyze the role o…
Modern applications are driving demand for ultra-reliable low-latency communications, rekindling interest in the performance of short, high-rate error correcting codes. To that end, here we introduce a soft-detection variant of Guessing Random Additive Noise Decoding (GRAND) called Ordered Reliability Bits GRAND that can decode any short, high-rate block-code. For a code of $n$ bits, it avails of no more than $\lceil\log_2(n)\rceil$ bits of code-book-independent quantized soft detection information per received bit to determine an accurate decoding while retaining the original algorithm's suit…
Entanglement-assisted quantum (QUENTA) codes are a subclass of quantum error-correcting codes which use entanglement as a resource. These codes can provide error correction capability higher than the codes derived from the traditional stabilizer formalism. In this paper, it is shown a general method to construct QUENTA codes from cyclic codes. Afterwards, the method is applied to Reed-Solomon codes, BCH codes, and general cyclic codes. We use the Euclidean and Hermitian construction of QUENTA codes. Two families of QUENTA codes are maximal distance separable (MDS), and one is almost MDS or alm…
Rank modulation is a way of encoding information to correct errors in flash memory devices as well as impulse noise in transmission lines. Modeling rank modulation involves construction of packings of the space of permutations equipped with the Kendall tau distance. We present several general constructions of codes in permutations that cover a broad range of code parameters. In particular, we show a number of ways in which conventional error-correcting codes can be modified to correct errors in the Kendall space. Codes that we construct afford simple encoding and decoding algorithms of essenti…
A complete classification of the perfect binary one-error-correcting codes of length 15 as well as their extensions of length 16 was recently carried out in [P. R. J. Östergård and O. Pottonen, "The perfect binary one-error-correcting codes of length 15: Part I--Classification," IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory vol. 55, pp. 4657--4660, 2009]. In the current accompanying work, the classified codes are studied in great detail, and their main properties are tabulated. The results include the fact that 33 of the 80 Steiner triple systems of order 15 occur in such codes. Further understanding is gained o…
Recently, quantum error-correcting codes were proposed that capitalize on the fact that many physical error models lead to a significant asymmetry between the probabilities for bit flip and phase flip errors. An example for a channel which exhibits such asymmetry is the combined amplitude damping and dephasing channel, where the probabilities of bit flips and phase flips can be related to relaxation and dephasing time, respectively. We give systematic constructions of asymmetric quantum stabilizer codes that exploit this asymmetry. Our approach is based on a CSS construction that combines BCH …
Error correction techniques traditionally focus on the co-design of restricted code-structures in tandem with code-specific decoders that are computationally efficient when decoding long codes in hardware. Modern applications are, however, driving demand for ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC), rekindling interest in the performance of shorter, higher-rate error correcting codes, and raising the possibility of revisiting universal, code-agnostic decoders. To that end, here we introduce a soft-detection variant of Guessing Random Additive Noise Decoding (GRAND) called Ordered Reli…
We present code constructions for masking $u$ partially stuck memory cells with $q$ levels and correcting additional random errors. The results are achieved by combining the methods for masking and error correction for stuck cells in [1] with the masking-only results for partially stuck cells in [2]. We present two constructions for masking $u<q$ cells and error correction: one is general and based on a generator matrix of a specific form. The second construction uses cyclic codes and allows to efficiently bound the error-correction capability using the BCH bound. Furthermore, we extend the re…
High quality data is essential in deep learning to train a robust model. While in other fields data is sparse and costly to collect, in error decoding it is free to query and label thus allowing potential data exploitation. Utilizing this fact and inspired by active learning, two novel methods are introduced to improve Weighted Belief Propagation (WBP) decoding. These methods incorporate machine-learning concepts with error decoding measures. For BCH(63,36), (63,45) and (127,64) codes, with cycle-reduced parity-check matrices, improvement of up to 0.4dB at the waterfall region, and of up to 1.…
In this paper, we provise an implementation of five, seven and nine-qubits error correcting codes on a classical computer using the quantum simulator Feynman program. We also compare the three codes by computing the fidelity when double errors occurs in a depolarizing channel. As triple errors and more are considered very unlikely, it has negligible effect on the next results
Two concatenated coding schemes based on fixed-rate Raptor codes are proposed for error control in NAND flash memory. One is geared for off-line recovery of uncorrectable pages and the other is designed for page error correction during the normal read mode. Both proposed coding strategies assume hard-decision decoding of the inner code with inner decoding failure generating erasure symbols for the outer Raptor code. Raptor codes allow low-complexity decoding of very long codewords while providing capacity- approaching performance for erasure channels. For the off-line page recovery scheme, one…
